苯乙烯致DNA间接损伤效应的光电化学生物传感器快速检测

许多有机化合物自身没有致癌毒性,但进入生物体内,经过体内代谢酶的催化后转化成活性中间体,与DNA形成共价化合物.这些间接的损伤会最终导致DNA分子结构和功能的变化,对人类的健康造成威胁.因此,建立一种快速有效的方法检测间接致癌化合物对DNA的损伤,成为当前研究的热点.论文建立了一种新型的光电化学生物传感器来检测有机化合物苯乙烯对DNA的间接损伤效应,该传感器以层层自组装的方式将光电信号分子、双链DNA和血红蛋白组装在半导体电极上.在H2O2存在的条件下,传感膜中的血红蛋白可将苯乙烯转化为氧化苯乙烯,氧化苯乙烯扩散到膜内,与DNA形成加合物,引起DNA结构变化,导致光电分子光电流信号的增加.实验中,将修饰好的电极置于终浓度为2mM H2O2和2%苯乙烯(体积比)的混合液(pH7.3的磷酸缓冲液配制)中反应一段时间后,在电解质溶液中进行光电流检测.实验结果表明,光电流信号随着反应时间逐渐升高,在30min后趋于稳定,表明苯乙烯在传感膜上的氧化和DNA的损伤反应基本完成.与反应前相比,反应后光电流增加了40%,并且酶催化苯乙烯生成的氧化苯乙烯经紫外可见光谱得到验证.论文建立的光电化学生物传感器模拟了体内DNA损伤反应过程,能快速有效地检测苯乙烯对DNA的间接损伤效应,有望为有机化合物潜在基因毒性的风险评估提供一个快速筛查工具。     

量子点半导体光放大器二能级系统的数值建模

量子点半导体光放大器（QD—SOA）的二能级速率方程具有简单易懂并能较好的描述其工作特性的特点．为便于利用数值模拟方法分析QD—SOA的动态工作特性,在QD—SOA的二能级速率方程基础上,采用对QD—SOA进行了空间分段,对输入脉冲进行了时间分段的方法,建立了QD—SOA的二能级数值模型．图2,参4．     

A statistical model to forecast the profile of the index structure constant $${C_N^2}$$

A statistical study was performed over 145 profiles of meteorological balloons, equipped with microthermal sensors, from the ground to the midstratosphere. This study put into evidence the lognormal distribution of the fluctuations of the structure constant of temperature, the fluctuations of the buoyancy force and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind speed. We show that these quantities, computed over a large scale (100 m), are correlated up to the midstratosphere. A model is adjusted to estimate the optical turbulence strength from the macroscopic meteorological parameters. The model performances, to estimate and forecast the strength and the altitude of the optical turbulent layers, are quantified and compared with other already defined models. This model was shown to have the best performances and put into evidence a new relation to describe the turbulence on a large scale.     

荧光光纤传感器测定废水中邻硝基苯酚

将２－（４－二苯基）－６－苯基苯并恶唑包埋在增塑的ＰＶＣ膜中,基于邻硝基苯酚对ＰＢＢＯ荧光的猝灭,研制了一种邻硝基苯酚荧光光纤传感器。该传感器对邻硝基苯酚的响应具有良好的可逆性和重现性,响应时间小于５０ｓ,在１．２＊１０＾－４－２．０＊１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻硝基苯酚浓度范围内具有好的线性关系。环境水中可能存在的常见阳离子、阴离子、酚、硝基化合物对邻硝基苯酚的测定不产生干扰,将传感器用于废水中的邻硝基     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定蔬菜中的镉

采用微波消解-ICP-OES法测定蔬菜中的镉,选择了最佳微波消解条件,确定了分析线.方法检出限为0.002 μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.1%,加标回收率为100%～104%,与干灰化法作对照试验,测定结果经t检验无显著差异.     

电阻型传感器原子氧密度及环境效应探测技术

阐述了开展电阻型原子氧密度与环境效应飞行探测实验的必要性和重要性。在对各种方案进行了比较和选择的基础上,进行了锇膜探测器及银膜探测器关键技术研究和可行性试验验证。最后,对开展我国原子氧环境飞行探测实验研究提出了一些建议。     

传感器技术在环境空气监测与污染治理中的应用现状、问题与展望

大气环境污染物监测是建立污染源与环境污染关系的重要技术途径,也是大气综合治理决策所需数据的主要来源。近年来,空气质量精细化管理和污染源精准控制的需求逐渐增长,对监测技术提出了更高的要求。传感器技术作为空气质量监测标准方法的补充,是实现城市空气质量高时空分辨率测量的新手段。研究从传感器的原理及分类入手,通过综述其在环境空气质量监测、污染源监控管理、个人暴露风险评估等领域的应用,总结了传感器技术的研发进展、应用现状和存在问题,并提出其发展方向和前景。     

A distributed fibre optic approach for providing early warning of Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)

A novel fully distributed fibre optic humidity sensor technology suitable for spatially continuous monitoring of water ingress under pipeline insulation is reported. Results from controlled water ingress tests are presented, where the fibre cables were mounted on pipes insulated with air gap cell glass and aerogel insulation. The experiments revealed that the fibre optic sensor responded to water ingress equivalent to <10 ml/metre pipe, under air gap cell glass insulation. The fibre optic measurements were validated by comparison with conventional calibrated point humidity sensors. A compensation methodology using a reference optical fibre was used to effectively reduce the effect of temperature variations on the measurements. The ability of the sensor to monitor the spatial evolution of water ingress with cm scale resolution was demonstrated, as was the feasibility to make accurate water ingress measurement over 2 km fibre lengths. The technology could be used to assist targeted inspection campaigns aimed at minimizing the risk of Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI).     

Application of remote and in situ information to the management of wetlands in Poland

The protection and regeneration of wetlands has been of crucial importance as a goal in ecological research and in nature conservation for some time and is more important than ever now. Knowledge about the biophysical properties of wetlands' vegetation retrieved from satellite images enables us to improve the monitoring of these unique areas, which are otherwise very often impenetrable and therefore difficult to examine, analyze and assess by means of site visits. The Biebrza Wetlands are situated in the North-East part of Poland and are one of the largest areas made up of marshes and swamps in the entire EU. This is still one of the wildest areas and one of the least destroyed, damaged or changed by human impact. However, in the recent decades there have been attempts made to intensify and overexploit the natural resources of the region and implement new agriculture practices in the area. In this period, drainage canals have been built, and a good deal of the area has been drained. The area of this precious ecosystem covers 25 494 ha. This valuable area of peat with unique vegetation species and with very special birds is one of the most valuable areas in Europe and in 1995 was added to the list of Ramsar sites. The investigation of wetlands in the Biebrza River Valley has been carried out at ground level by taking measurements of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, Leaf Area Index, wet and dry biomass and the levels of ground water and meteorological parameters. Also examined were radiative temperature, detailed vegetation mapping, and APAR. For some years the deterioration of peat lands has been noticed due to the drying out of the area and the frequent outbreak of fires. The consequence is the succession of new vegetation and the appearance of new ecosystems. The Remote Sensing Centre in the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography has undertaken the investigation by applying ERS-2.SAR and ENVISAT ASAR of IS2 and IS4 and VV, HH, HV polarization for the purpose of modeling soil moisture and humidity changes of the area under investigation. The investigation also aimed at finding the best biophysical properties of wetlands' vegetation to characterize marshland habitats and its changes. At the same time as registering the microwave data, the optical data from Landsat ETM+, SPOT VEGETATION, ERS-2.ATSR, ENVISAT MERIS, and NOAA/AVHRR have been registered and information about the biomass and heat fluxes as sensible and latent heat has also been calculated. The vegetation indices are calculated from EO satellite data taking into account jointly the features of vegetation responsible for reflection in various bands and combining this information from several spectral bands. Also, the changes in the humidity of the area have been examined by extracting the backscattering coefficients from two SAR images that were taken at a similar period of the year but with a gap of 5 years. The information about soil moisture as retention, soil moisture changes, heat fluxes and evapotranspiration are all very important for estimates of CO(2) sequestration. The ENVISAT images have been obtained for the ESA AO-ID122 project. Also the SMOS and ALOS data will be applied for the Biebrza Wetlands in the future.     

Real-time contaminant detection and classification in a drinking water pipe using conventional water quality sensors: Techniques and experimental results

Accurate detection and identification of natural or intentional contamination events in a drinking water pipe is critical to drinking water supply security and health risk management. To use conventional water quality sensors for the purpose, we have explored a real-time event adaptive detection, identification and warning (READiw) methodology and examined it using pilot-scale pipe flow experiments of 11 chemical and biological contaminants each at three concentration levels. The tested contaminants include pesticide and herbicides (aldicarb, glyphosate and dicamba), alkaloids (nicotine and colchicine), E. coli in terrific broth, biological growth media (nutrient broth, terrific broth, tryptic soy broth), and inorganic chemical compounds (mercuric chloride and potassium ferricyanide). First, through adaptive transformation of the sensor outputs, contaminant signals were enhanced and background noise was reduced in time-series plots leading to detection and identification of all simulated contamination events. The improved sensor detection threshold was 0.1% of the background for pH and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), 0.9% for free chlorine, 1.6% for total chlorine, and 0.9% for chloride. Second, the relative changes calculated from adaptively transformed residual chlorine measurements were quantitatively related to contaminant-chlorine reactivity in drinking water. We have shown that based on these kinetic and chemical differences, the tested contaminants were distinguishable in forensic discrimination diagrams made of adaptively transformed sensor measurements.