贫燃条件Ag-Rh/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3协同催化C_3H_6选择性还原NO的原位红外研究

将Ag-Rh浸渍到共沉淀法合成的Ce-Zr-Al上,制备出Ag(0.04)-Rh(x)/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2-75%Al2O3系列催化剂,采用BET比表面积、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)对催化剂进行表征,并探讨催化剂在贫燃条件下选择性还原NO的活性和反应机理.结果表明,Ag-Rh双组分催化剂的活性较单组分Ag、Rh催化剂的高.Rh负载量为0.7%(质量分数)时,NO转化率达最佳(90.3%),且反应的起燃温度低、活性温度范围宽(300～500℃).DRIFTS结果显示,Rh的添加不仅有利于催化剂表面NO的吸附,而且能促进Ag催化生成关键反应中间体—CO—NH—,进而显著提高NO的转化率.     

三峡库区城镇化背景下河流DOM的吸收及荧光光谱特征

研究城镇化对河流溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)组分和化学结构、来源与迁移规律的影响,对水生态系统保护及生物地球化学循环研究具有重要意义.运用紫外-可见吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱技术,研究三峡库区不同城镇化程度的典型河流(桃花溪、南河和普里河)的DOM光谱学特征.结果表明,河流城镇化程度越高,DOM和有色溶解性有机质(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)浓度越大,河流DOM的腐殖化程度和芳构化程度越小,疏水性组分越少,DOM中类蛋白物质相对浓度越高,DOM的新近自生源特性越强.河流DOM均以富里酸类为主(E3/E4均值 3. 5),CDOM浓度与DOM浓度显著正相关(P 0. 01),各河流DOM腐殖化程度(SUVA254)、芳构化程度(SUVA280)和疏水组分(SUVA260)极显著正相关(P 0. 01).桃花溪、南河、普里河的荧光指数均值为1. 715 7～1. 757 1,DOM的腐殖质来源均为外源输入和微生物、藻类生产两种方式混合,且以内源产生为主.     

环境分子诊断技术在污染场地环境管理中的应用进展

环境分子诊断技术(EMDSs)是有机单体同位素分析和各种分子生物学技术的总称,将其应用于污染场地特征识别、修复方案可行性评估、监测和修复终止等污染场地环境管理过程中,探明土壤和地下水中污染物生物和非生物降解过程、降解速率及机制,确定不同污染来源,可弥补传统污染场地环境管理方法的不足,具有广阔的发展前景。文章综述了污染场地环境管理过程及传统方法的不足,介绍了有机单体同位素分析和各种分子生物学技术的基本原理和用途,并对各种技术的特点进行阐述和对比;介绍了EMDSs在污染场地环境管理中的实际应用,提出了EMDSs的发展趋势。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定总铬的研究

用火焰原子吸收分光光度法直接测定水和废水中的总铬.通过不同条件的实验,确定了最佳的分析条件;并通过标准样品和实际样品的分析,验证了方法的准确度和精密度.在大量实验基础上,建立空白实验、准确度质量控制图,以便定期对各种监测数据提供可行的质量保证措施.实验结果表明,该法快速方便,提高了分析效率,准确度高,精密度好,值得普及和推广.     

Effect of spectral resolution on the measurement of monoaromatic hydrocarbons by DOAS

The excellent response characteristics and detection sensitivity with much lower operational cost and the capability to discriminate between the isomer of some monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHCs) make di erential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) a powerful tool to trace concentration variation of MAHCs. But due to the similarity in chemical structure, those MAHCs have the similar overlapped characteristic absorption structures, which make the selection of instrumental parameter critical to the accurate detection of MAHCs. Firstly, the spectral resolution used in DOAS system determines the nonlinear absorption of O2 and the mass dependence of characteristic absorption structure; thereby it determines the effect of elimination error of O2 absorption in the atmospheric spectra for the detection of MAHCs. Secondly, spectral resolution determines the di erential absorption characteristics of twelve MAHCs representing major constituents in technical solvents used in the automobile industry and the interference of spectral overlapping. Thirdly, the spectral resolution determines the sensitivity, time resolution and linear range. So the spectral resolution range with the best ratio of signal to noise is used to determine the most suitable spectral resolution range, as well as the spectral resolution range that ensure the characteristic absorption structure of MAHCs and the minimization of O2 absorption interference. Finally, 0.15–0.16 nm (FWHM: full width at half maximum) is assumed to be closest to the optimum spectral resolution and it is confirmed by the results of practical measurement of MAHCs by DOAS.     

同步荧光光谱法测定环境水样中的多环芳烃

为了建立快速测定水体中多环芳烃的方法,用恒波长同步荧光法对14种多环芳烃混合标样进行了分析。在优化的实验条件下,对环境水样进行分析,可以鉴别出11种多环芳烃。14种PAHs在0～1000ng/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r均不小于0.9988,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.06%～1.67%之间(n=6)。14种PAHs的检出限在0.072～3.9ng/ml之间。该方法应用于污水、样河水样、池塘水样中的多环芳烃检测取得了良好的效果,回收率分别为82.2%～111.0%、86.0%～107.0%、88.0%～106.2%(n=5)。     

Tracing the impact of stack configuration on interface resistances in reverse electrodialysis by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• RED performance and stack resistance were studied by EIS and LSV. • Interface resistance were discriminated from Ohmic resistance by EIS. • Impacts of spacer shadow effect and concentration polarization were analyzed. • Ionic short current reduced the power density for more cell pairs. • The results enabled to predict RED performance with different configurations. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities. Herein, the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three different parameters (membrane type, number of cell pairs and spacer design) were controlled. The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes (Type I and Type II) supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V: Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes, which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density. The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents. With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200 µm, the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efficiency losses increased from 31% to 49%. Overall, the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.     

Dust cloud evolution and flame propagation of organic dust deflagration under low wall influence

The present study discusses experiments on organic dust explosions in a setup with low wall influence. The proposed apparatus decouples the dust dispersion and the deflagration event in two separate compartments. The use of a continuous-wave laser to illuminate the centre plane of the observation chamber allows capturing both, the dust cloud and the flame during the same experiment and eliminates typical problems caused by the limited dynamic range of high-speed cameras. A k-means clustering method is used for image segmentation to obtain the spatial extent and the propagation velocities of the unreacted particle cloud and the flame zone. Spatially resolved velocities are calculated by the additional use of an optical flow method. The main goal of the presented setup and image processing method is to provide high quality validation data for the development of numerical models on dust deflagration.     

基于傅里叶红外光谱法测定燃煤电厂烟气中SO3与H2SO4

基于傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)监测燃煤电厂烟气处理流程中的SO3与H2 SO4.结果表明,布袋除尘进口、出口和烟囱出口的SO3与H2SO4之和(SO3+H2SO4)分别为(29.33±2.30)mg/m3、(25.15±1.63)mg/m3和(12.13±1.26)mg/m3;布袋除尘与湿法脱硫对SO3+H2 SO4...     

黄渤海上空气溶胶类型判别及其成因分析

气溶胶是大气环境的重要组成部分,其对天气和气候变化有重要影响,对人类健康也有危害.对气溶胶类型的区分有利于判别气溶胶的来源,这对控制气溶胶污染源、改善区域环境质量有重要的推动作用.本文基于黄渤海区域6个观测点的实测数据和卫星遥感数据,采用聚类分析方法对黄渤海上空的气溶胶进行分类,并采用拉格朗日轨迹追踪法判定气溶胶的来源...