型煤燃烧固硫的钠离子效应

本文用脉冲二氧化硫荧光分析仪连续测试了煤样中二氧化硫的浓度，并用Ｘ荧光、Ｘ衍射和电子扫描电镜等方法，分析了添加钠离子样品的含硫率、物相及表面形貌。实验结果表明，钠离子添加剂改变了二氧化硫释放过程，抑制了硫酸钙的分解。灰样成分中既有稳定的三元化合物３ＣａＯ．３Ａｌ２Ｏ３．ＣａＳＯ４，也有不稳定的化合物硫酸钙存在，说明钠离子添加剂对提高固硫率有促进作用。     

惠州绿化乔木叶片及其叶面降尘对大气SO2污染的生物监测

采用常规采样及碱片挂片法同步监测广东省惠州市大气SO2体积分数,用ICP-AES测定了惠州市不同功能区的2种主要绿化树种大叶榕(Ficus virens Ait var.sublanceolata(Miq.) Corner)、紫荆(Bauhinia blakeana)叶片及其叶面降尘的硫质量分数。结果表明,不同功能区植物叶片和降尘的硫质量分数差异显著,其综合污染指数(PI)以商业交通区、工业区、居住区、清洁区的趋势递减。叶片中硫的质量分数随春、夏、秋季而增长,季节差异显著。植物叶片、降尘中硫质量分数随交通流量的减少而降低。叶片和叶面降尘中硫的质量分数与大气硫酸盐化速率三者显著相关,大叶榕和紫荆与降尘协同生物监测大气SO2的二元数学模型的相关系数分别为R=0.995和R=0.990,明显优于植物与硫酸盐化速率监测SO2的常规一元数学模型。表明大叶榕、紫荆叶片及其叶面降尘均可作为城市区域大气SO2污染的有效指示剂,叶片的长期效益和季节效益显著,降尘则短期效益显著;两者协同监测,可靠性和灵敏度更高,应用前景广阔,可为地方和区域环境监测和评价提供参考。     

三江平原典型湿地的土壤植物总硫及水中硫酸盐的分布特征

以三江平原的3种主要沼泽类型——小叶樟沼泽、乌拉苔草沼泽、毛果苔草沼泽为研究对象,对其土壤和植物中的总硫质量分数及水中硫酸盐质量分数进行分析。3种沼泽土壤总硫质量分数的顺序为小叶樟沼泽(622.4 mg/kg)<乌拉苔草沼泽(820.5 mg/kg)<毛果苔草沼泽(1022.4 mg/kg);植物总硫质量分数的顺序为小叶樟(1638.5 mg/kg)<乌拉苔草(1796.9 mg/kg)<毛果苔草(1892.8 mg/kg);水中硫酸盐的质量分数为小叶樟沼泽(1.69 mg/kg)<乌拉苔草沼泽(1.81 mg/kg)<毛果苔草沼泽(2.00 mg/kg)。并探讨了典型湿地生态系统中硫质量分数的影响因素。     

POLLUTION THREATS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: AN OVERVIEW

This overview summarises the present knowledge on major sources of pollution, which are of concern for the Mediterranean Sea. Eutrophication, red tides, organic loads, hydrocarbon spills, heavy metal contamination and their biological effects are described on the light of the ecological characteristics of the Mediterranean. In particular special attention is paid to the "new pollution" processes; i.e. , the introduction of novel substances with biological activity that might have synergetic effects with "classical pollutants". Different compartments and marine ecosystems are considered and compared. The degree of anthropogenic impact and its apparent trends are discussed. Possible monitoring plans and remedial actions for a sustainable management of coastal zones subjected to increasing pollution are also suggested.     

Metals and organic pollutants in snow surrounding an iron factory

To estimate air pollution snow samples were collected in March 2001 at six sites in the vicinity of the Kostomuksha factory in Karelia. Seventy-two chemical elements and more than 200 individual organic compounds were identified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the levels of Li, B, Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Mn, Mo as well as hydrocarbons, phthalates and phenols exceeded the existing maximum allowable concentrations. A list of toxicants emitted with the factory exhausts and a list of priority pollutants for Kostomuksha were compiled. The impact of the exhausts of the Kostomuksha factory on the environment in Finland is relatively small. Electronic Publication     

Monitoring of waste deposit derived groundwater contamination with organic tracers

Specific anthropogenic substances derived from seepage and leakage water from a waste deposit landfill were analysed in groundwater and drainage effluents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, we demonstrate the application of an organic marker approach to study lateral and vertical distribution of contamination as well as the long-term emission behaviour. Source-specific and environmentally-stable pesticides, plasticisers and pharmaceuticals, such as N,N-diethyl toluamide, N-butyl benzene sulfonamide, clofibric acid, mecoprop and bisphenol A, were quantitatively analysed. A distinct lateral expansion was detected. Although temporal variations were high, no significant trend was observed.     

Environmental behavior of antibiotic monensin: preliminary studies in Argentina

The increase of intensive bovine production systems in Argentina involves the use of therapeutic agents and growth promoters that reach the environment through animal excreta. The growth promoter most widely used in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinnamoniensis. Here, the behavior of monensin in different solid environmental matrices is analyzed, and preliminary results that suggest a strong dependence of monensin retention with the organic matter content of the matrix are discussed.     

平行双样对天然气中硫化物采样的质量控制

为了研究平行双样对天然气中硫化物采样质量控制措施的可靠性,对现场采集的８对硫化物平行样用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法进行测定。对测定结果及相对偏差进行Ｗ（Ｓｈａｐｉｒｏ－Ｗｉｌｋ）检验,检验结果说明平行双样相对偏差服从正态分布,数据的一致性较好,说明用平行双样对采样进行质量控制是可行的。文中还用Ｇｒｕｂｂｓ检验法计算出在该实验条件下测定天然气中硫化物平行双样的相对偏差质量控制范围为１．９３％±１２．５％。     

锦州市大气污染现状及控制措施

利用大气污染源和环境质量监测等资料，计算分析了锦州市区大气污染现状。结果表明：在锦州市区空气污染以煤烟类为主，汽车尾气成为大气污染源之一。PM10和SO2超过二级标准的天数将近95％出现在采暖期。提出了可行的具体措施，指出采用以集中供热、推广使用天然气、小型锅炉改造工程和控制汽车尾气为主要措施，廉顾绿化，制定市区大气污染治理方案比较合理。     

生物难降解有机污染物微生物处理技术的进展

耗氧有机污染物的微生物处理技术已日趋完善，研究重点转向生物难解污染物处理，文章详细阐述了几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的研究进展：（１）几种污染物的高效降解微生物的分离培养以及这些高效降解微生物的降解效率和最佳降解条件研究。（２）利用微生物共代谢作用降解污染物的研究，为一些难以作为微生物唯一碳源和能源的污染物生物降解提供一条有效的途径；（３）利用基因工程技术创建高效降解菌的研究，该项技术在提高