荧光废水中COD_(Cr)闭管与开管消解测定方法研究

通过考察6个实验室中,标准溶液和标准样品的试验分析数据,得出闭管法较开管法具有更优的准确度、精密度和氧化能力,其闭管法的最佳氧化浓度(并非检测限)在150～850mg/L;结合水样的监测数据,研究了两种快速测定方法的优缺点和适用性,得出两种方法均普遍适合工业废水监测,其中闭管法在测定中、高浓度荧光废水时,结果更准确、更环保,而开管法适用于相对低浓度的废水测定;总结归纳了CODCr监测分析过程中影响准确性的因素及需要注意的问题。     

A critical review on the technique and mechanism of microwave-based denitrification in flue gas

Microwave radiation has received extensive attention due to its significant thermal and non-thermal effects, and the development of MW-based denitrification in flue gas has become one of the most promising methods to avoid the defects of ammonia escape, high temperature and cost in traditional SCR. This review introduces the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves and divides MW-based denitrification methods into MW reduction and oxidation denitrification, systematically summarizes these denitrification methods, including MW discharge reduction, MW-induced catalytic reduction using active carbon, molecular sieves, metal oxides (transition metals, perovskites, etc.), MW-induced oxidation denitrification with and without additional oxidant, and discusses their removal pathway and mechanism. Finally, several research prospects and directions regarding the development of microwave-based denitrification methods are provided.     

高级氧化过程和生物处理法用于污水处理的研究进展

现如今污水处理技术的发展受到了全球的关注,高级氧化过程(AOP)有高的化学稳定性或低的生物活性,可用于清除用常规方法不能清除的有机污染物,它被认为是一种有高度竞争性的水处理技术.用化学氧化法要使得污染物完全矿化(有机态化合物转化为无机态化合物过程)常常是比较昂贵的,因此把它与生物处理法结合使用以降低运营成本.本文评论了近几年来AOP和生物处理法相结合以处理工业废水的技术的研究进展.     

Mechanism of Hg oxidation in the presence of HCl over a commercial V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor containing a commercial V₂O₅/WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of HCl and O₂. Mercury oxidation was improved significantly in the presence of HCl and O₂, and the Hg⁰ oxidation efficiencies decreased slowly as the temperature increased from 200 to 400°C. Upon pretreatment with HCl and O₂ at 350°C, the catalyst demonstrated higher catalytic activity for Hg⁰ oxidation. Notably, the effect of pretreatment with HCl alone was not obvious. For the catalyst treated with HCl and O₂, better performance was observed with lower reaction temperatures. The results showed that both HCl and Hg⁰ were first adsorbed onto the catalyst and then reacted with O₂ following its adsorption, which indicates that the oxidation of Hg⁰ over the commercial catalyst followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Several characterization techniques, including Hg⁰ temperature-programmed desorption (Hg-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed in this work. Hg-TPD profiles showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound species in the presence of HCl and O₂. XPS patterns indicated that new chemisorbed oxygen species were formed by the adsorption of HCl, which consequently facilitated the oxidation of mercury.     

Manganese-catalyzed degradation of phosphonic acids

The non-biodegradable and chemically very stable phosphonates are used in a variety of industrial applications including cooling waters, oil production and textile industry. We show here that they are degraded in the presence of Mn(II) and oxygen. The half-life for the reaction is 9 min near neutral pH. The presence of other cations such as Ca(II) and Zn(II) considerably slows down the reaction by competition with Mn(II) for the phosphonate. The reaction involves the oxidation of complexed Mn(II) by oxygen to Mn(III) and the subsequent oxidation of phosphonate by Mn(III) thus yielding two stable phosphonic acid breakdown products. The oxidation also proceeds in the presence of the mineral manganite (Mn(III)OOH), and yields the same breakdown products. The use of a newly developed chromatographic method revealed the presence of the breakdown products in wastewater. The results show that manganese-catalyzed oxidation might be an important pathway for phosphonate degradation in natural waters. Electronic Publication     

粘胶纤维生产废水处理的工艺研究

处理粘胶纤维生产废水的工艺，采用分步逐段的技术方法，即酸，碱废水混曝气除硫化物加碱一步沉淀法除锌的处理技术以及用新型氧化混凝剂继续处理废水的有机物ＣＯＤｃｒ，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ为５０ｍｇ／Ｌ左右，ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去除率达８１．３７％，达到国家及地方排放标准。     

城市污水快速渗滤处理技术与常用污水处理技术的对比分析

快速渗滤技术与传统氧化塘技术比较，单位处理负荷大幅度提高，占地面积明显减少；与传统污水处理厂比较，设计施工简便、建设费用低、运行费用小，管理方便。     

中国医科大学附属第一医院综合废水处理及回用工程实践

中国医科大学附属第一医院 (简称中国医大一院 )建设综合污水处理及中水回用工程 ,提高了水的重复使用率 ,并将生产的中水回用至新病房大楼作为冲厕用水及院区景观绿化用水 ,在减少污水排放量的同时 ,取得了显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

油漆废水处理工艺改进研究

本文以甘肃某一油漆生产企业为例，分析了油漆生产废水水质、水量特点及隔油-气浮-氧化沟处理工艺存在的主要问题：出水石油类超标、废水可生化性差及氧化沟积泥。提出了强化预处理、增设水解酸化工艺及优化生物处理措施的方案，提高废水的可生化性，使最终出水稳定达标（GB8978—1996一级标准）排放。最后对改进工艺的技术经济可行性进行了初步探索，分析证明改进工艺针对性强、经济合算，适合该企业的废水处理。     

Formation of organic chloride in the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton system

In the oxidation treatment of textile dyeing sludge, the quantitative and transformation laws of organic chlorine are not clear enough. Thus, this study mainly evaluated the treatment of textile dyeing sludge by Fenton and Fenton-like system from the aspects of the influence of Cl⁻, the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic carbon, and the removal and formation mechanism of organic chlorine. The results showed that the organic halogen in sludge was mainly hydrophobic organic chlorine, and the content of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) was 0.30 mg/g (dry sludge). In the Fenton system with pH=3, 500 mg/L Cl⁻, 30 mmol/L Fe²⁺ and 30 mmol/L H₂O₂, the removal of phenanthrene was promoted by chlorine radicals (•Cl), and the AOCl in sludge solid phase increased to 0.55 mg/g (dry sludge) at 30 min. According to spectral analysis, it was found that •Cl could chlorinate aromatic and aliphatic compounds (excluding PAHs) in solid phase at the same time, and eventually led to the accumulation of aromatic chlorides in solid phase. Strengthening the oxidation ability of Fenton system increased the formation of organic chlorines in liquid and solid phases. In weak acidity, the oxidation and desorption of superoxide anion promoted the removal and migration of PAHs and organic carbon in solid phase, and reduced the formation of total organic chlorine. The Fenton-like system dominated by non-hydroxyl radical could realize the mineralization of PAHs, organic carbon and organic chlorines instead of migration. This paper builds a basis for the selection of sludge conditioning methods.