Simultaneous removal and oxidation of arsenic from water by δ-MnO2 modified activated carbon

The ubiquitous arsenic in groundwater poses a great risk to human health due to its environmental toxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present work, a new adsorbent, δ-MnO₂ modified activated carbon, was prepared, and its performance for the uptake of arsenate and arsenite species from aqueous solutions was investigated by batch experiments. Various techniques, including FESEM-EDX, p-XRD, XPS and BET surface area analysis, were employed to characterize the properties of the adsorbent and the arsenic adsorption mechanisms. The results showed that δ-MnO₂ covered on the surface and padded in the pores of the activated carbon. Adsorption kinetic studies revealed that approximately 90.1% and 76.8% of As(III) and As(V), respectively, were removed by the adsorbent in the first 9 hr, and adsorption achieved equilibrium within 48 hr. The maximum adsorption capacities of As(V) and As(III) at pH 4.0 calculated from Langmuir adsorption isotherms were 13.30 and 12.56 mg/g, respectively. The effect of pH on As(V) and As(III) removal was similar, and the removal efficiency significantly reduced with the increase of solution pH. Arsenite oxidation and adsorption kinetics showed that the As(V) concentration in solution due to As(III) oxidation and reductive dissolution of MnO₂ increased rapidly during the first 12 min, and then gradually decreased. Based on the XPS analysis, nearly 93.3% of As(III) had been oxidized to As(V) on the adsorbent surface and around 38.9% of Mn(IV) had been reduced to Mn(II) after As(III) adsorption. This approach provides a possible method for the purification of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.     

Rates and processes affecting As speciation and mobility in lake sediments during aging

Sediments from an arsenic(As) contaminated groundwater vent site were used to investigate As( Ⅲ) binding, transformation and redistribution in native and iron oxide amended lake sediments using aging spiked batch reactions and a sequential extraction procedure that maintains As(V) and As( Ⅲ) speciation. In the native sediments, fractionation analysis revealed that 10% of the spiked As( Ⅲ) remained intact after a 32-day aging experiment and was predominantly adsorbed to the strongly sorbed(NH_4H_2PO_4 extractable) and amorphous Fe oxide bound(H_3PO_4 extractable) fractions. Kinetic modelling of the experimental results allowed identifying the dominant reaction path for depletion of dissolved As( Ⅲ) to As( Ⅲ)absorbed on to the solid phase, followed by oxidation in the solid phase. Arsenite was initially adsorbed primarily to the easily exchangeable fraction((NH_4)_2SO_4 extractable), then rapidly transformed into As(V) and redistributed to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. Oxidation of As( Ⅲ) in recalcitrant fractions was less efficient. The iron oxide amendments illustrated the controls that iron oxides can have on As( Ⅲ) binding and transformation rates. In goethite amended samples As( Ⅲ) oxidation was faster and primarily occurred in the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. In these samples,19.3 μg Mn was redistributed(compared to the native sediment) from the easily exchangeable and crystalline Fe oxide bound fractions to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions, indicating that goethite may act as a catalyst for Mn(Ⅱ) oxidation, thereby producing sorbed Mn( Ⅲ/Ⅳ ), which then appears to be involved in rapidly oxidizing As( Ⅲ).     

卡鲁塞尔氧化沟处理低浓度煤矿工广生活污水的效果分析

结合煤矿工广生活污水处理厂的实际运行情况,对卡鲁塞尔氧化沟处理低浓度煤矿工广生活污水的效果进行分析和研究。结果表明,对CODcr、悬浮物和氨氮的去除率分别达到71％、96．7％和53％。由于低碳源、低营养的影响,氧化沟的污泥浓度（MLSS）只能保持在900-1300mg／L。适当控制氧化沟的曝气量,保持溶解氧在2．5-3．5mg／L,有利于氧化沟保持较高污泥浓度。     

高浓度含氮废水生物脱氮新工艺研究

采用厌氧氨氧化-UASB工艺处理高浓度含氮废水,这是一种全新的生物脱氮工艺。厌氧氨氧化-UASB反应器、厌氧氨氧化-UASB-生物膜反应器在相同的进水条件和温控条件下稳定运行,实现了对氮素的持续去除能力,NH4^＋-N、NO2^--N、TN去除率分别保持在99．9％、99．9％、90．0％以上,稳定运行阶段出水pH值均保持在8．5附近。NH4^＋-N去除量与NO2^--N去除量、NO2^--N生成量的比值可以指示厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的演变。ANAMMOX菌在生长过程中需消耗碱度,因此反应器内pH值的变化可以反映生物反应的相对强度。生物膜的培养有利于ANAMIVIOX菌积累,UASB-生物膜反应器运行效果明显优于不具有生物膜的普通UASB反应器。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥堆肥的实验研究

污泥由于产量大且成分比较复杂,如何对它进行无害化,稳定化处理,使其成为替代资源已经越来越受到人们的关注。基于好氧堆肥装置系统,以徐州市某污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,研究了污泥处理过程中温度、含水率、有机质、有机碳以及pH值和重金属等指标的变化规律。研究结果表明：采用污泥与稻草的体积比为1：2的比例堆肥,控制初始含水率为70％左右,可顺利实现升温。堆肥15d后,物料含水率、有机质、有机碳都有了明显的降低;总氮、总磷以及水溶性钾的含量都有了不同程度的增加;重金属含量有了一定程度的降低,符合堆肥的要求。     

Assessment of the thermal hazards and oxidization mechanism of coloured corn starch dust by TG–FTIR

Starch is widely used in industrial production and in every life, and an increasing number of accidents of starch dust burning and explosions are occurring and have caused serious casualties and economic losses. Previous studies on the oxidative properties and microscopic characterization of coloured corn starch dust have been less systematic than the present study. To prevent coloured corn starch dust explosion accidents more effectively, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to study the oxidation characteristics of coloured corn starch dust. Seven characteristic temperatures were determined from the thermogravimetric curves and derivative thermogravimetric curves of coloured corn starch dust. The entire oxidation process of coloured corn starch dust was divided into five stages, and a 60% mass loss occurred in the rapid oxidation stage. Three iso-conversion methods were used to calculate the apparent activation energy (E_a) and pre-exponential factor (A) at different oxidation stages. The value of E_a was found to be related to the difficulty of the reaction, and it had a positive correlation with lnA. Six kinds of gases were detected during the oxidation process. The oxidation mechanism was further analysed by the macro and micro characterization of the oxidation process. The findings provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling explosion accidents that involve coloured corn starch dust.     

臭氧氧化铜绿微囊藻及其对水质的影响

针对水华典型污染藻类-铜绿微囊藻(Microsystis aeruginosa),采用臭氧氧化处理,研究臭氧除藻及其对水质的影响。细胞氧化前后的光学显微摄影图片表明:氧化剂对细胞结构的完整性有明显的破坏作用,细胞最后被裂解成大小不等的碎片,同时胞内物质释放,导致溶解性有机碳(DOC)有所升高。藻细胞数量和叶绿素含量(以OD440、OD680和叶绿素a含量表示)均发生相应的降低。此外,藻液水质的pH值、浊度、UV254有一定的改善作用。     

Fenton氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用Fenton氧化法对经生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理。结果表明,Fenton反应最佳工艺条件:初始pH值为3,H2O2加入量为3.0mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O加入量为3.5g/L,反应时间120min。生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液经Fenton氧化法深度处理后,CODCr由处理前的300mg/L,降至处理后的93mg/L,去除率达69.0%,出水水质达到新修订的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)排放标准。     

印染废水的光催化氧化研究

以活性炭负载TiO2薄膜为催化剂,采用光催化氧化法分别处理靛蓝类染料、三苯甲烷类染料和偶氮类染料模拟废水以及某印染厂的出水。研究了光化时间、废水pH值及COD对处理效果的影响。结果表明：光催化氧化处理印染废水的最适光化时间为240min,最适pH值为4,且在这几种染料中,靛蓝类染料最易降解,而偶氮类染料最难降解。     

难生化降解芳香化合物废水的电催化处理

经氟树脂改性的β-PbO₂电极作为新型阳极,对几种含典型难生化降解芳香化合物,苯胺、氯苯、对氯苯酚、对硝基酚的模拟废水进行了电催化降解.结果表明,在0.25A的电流下处理2h,目标有机物去除率达到75%～100%,COD去除率为20%～55%.处理效果:苯胺＞氯苯＞对氯苯酚＞对硝基酚.较高的电流和有机物初始浓度更有利于有机物的降解.检测到了降解的共同中间产物对苯醌、反丁烯二酸、草酸,提出了芳香有机物电催化降解反应的共同历程.