Fenton高级氧化工艺降解苯酚模拟废水的动力学实验研究

针对Fenton高级氧化反应动力学过程进行了精细研究和深入探讨,结果表明:Fenton氧化法降解苯酚模拟废水的过程并不是单纯地符合一级动力学过程,其降解过程符合公式的形式。实验还研究了过氧化氢、亚铁离子、pH值等反应参数与反应进程的关系,为其实际应用提供了数据积累和理论依据。     

Visualizing different uranium oxidation states during the surface alteration of uraninite and uranium tetrachloride

Low-temperature alteration reactions on uranium phases may lead to the mobilization of uranium and thereby poses a potential threat to humans living close to uranium-contaminated sites. In this study, the surface alteration of uraninite (UO₂) and uranium tetrachloride (UCl₄) in air atmosphere was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy using an excitation wavelength of 408 nm. It was found that within minutes the oxidation state on the surface of the uraninite and the uranium tetrachloride changed. During the surface alteration process U(IV) atoms on the uraninite and uranium tetrachloride surface became stepwise oxidized by a one-electron step at first to U(V) and then further to U(VI). These observed changes in the oxidation states of the uraninite surface were microscopically visualized and spectroscopically identified on the basis of their fluorescence emission signal. A fluorescence signal in the wavelength range of 415–475 nm was indicative for metastable uranium(V), and a fluorescence signal in the range of 480–560 nm was identified as uranium(VI). In addition, the oxidation process of tetravalent uranium in aqueous solution at pH 0.3 was visualized by CLSM and U(V) was fluorescence spectroscopically identified. The combination of microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy provided a very convincing visualization of the brief presence of U(V) as a metastable reaction intermediate and of the simultaneous coexistence of the three states U(IV), U(V), and U(VI). These results have a significant importance for fundamental uranium redox chemistry and should contribute to a better understanding of the geochemical behavior of uranium in nature. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

焦化废水厌氧氨氧化污泥培养影响因素的研究

针对煤化行业高含氮焦化污水,采用厌氧氨氧化工艺进行脱氮污泥培养、驯化,对可能制约厌氧氨氧化菌生长的因素进行研究分析。结果发现:得出适宜于厌氧氨氧化污泥培养的水力停留时间、温度、p H及为保持污泥活性要求限制反应器进水氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的最大负荷值。     

The Immobilization of Titanium Dioxide on Organic Polymers,for a Cost Effective and Energy Efficient Means of Improving Indoorair Quality

The formation and spray coating, with Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (TiO₂), of a room temperature curable resin to form a photocatalytically active material is described in this paper. The TiO₂ surface layers produced have been characteristed with the aid of scanning electron microscope analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the samples tested using a gas phase continuous flow type photoreactor, the test pollutant being propene. Analysis of the test results indicates the potential of TiO₂ coated polymers to form effective photocatalytic materials, with the potential to improve indoor air quality and reduce the energy consumption of ventilation systems.     

高级氧化技术在污泥前置减量中的研究进展

大量的剩余污泥已经成为国内外污水处理行业亟待解决的问题,产生了各种污泥处理方法。污泥前置减量技术中的高级氧化方法主要是通过溶胞技术与污水处理工艺相结合,达到减少剩余污泥量之目的。介绍了这些方法的国内外研究进展,评述了其中存在的问题,指出了未来发展的方向。污泥前置减量化更符合污泥处理的发展要求,高级氧化方法在其中将会得到广泛的应用。     

Comparison of different valent iron on anaerobic sludge digestion: Focusing on oxidation reduction potential,dissolved organic nitrogen and microbial community

• ORP value from −278.71 to −379.80 mV showed indiscernible effects on methane yield. • Fe(II) and Fe(III) promoted more degradation of proteins and amino acids than Fe⁰. • The highest enrichment of Geobacter was noted in samples added with Fe⁰. • Cysteine was accumulated during iron enhanced anaerobic sludge digestion. • Both iron content and valence were important for methane production. This study compared effects of three different valent iron (Fe⁰, Fe(II) and Fe(III)) on enhanced anaerobic sludge digestion, focusing on the changes of oxidation reduction potential (ORP), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and microbial community. Under the same iron dose in range of 0−160 mg/L after an incubation period of 30 days (d), the maximum methane production rate of sludge samples dosed with respective Fe⁰, Fe(II) and Fe(III) at the same concentration showed indiscernible differences at each iron dose, regardless of the different iron valence. Moreover, their behavior in changes of ORP, DON and microbial community was different: (1) the addition of Fe⁰ made the ORP of sludge more negative, and the addition of Fe(II) and Fe(III) made the ORP of sludge less negative. However, whether being more or less negative, the changes of ORP may show unobservable effects on methane yield when it ranged from −278.71 to −379.80 mV; (2) the degradation of dissolved organic nitrogen, particularly proteins, was less efficient in sludge samples dosed with Fe⁰ compared with those dosed with Fe(II) and Fe(III) after an incubation period of 30 d. At the same dose of 160 mg/L iron, more cysteine was noted in sludge samples dosed with Fe(II) (30.74 mg/L) and Fe(III) (27.92 mg/L) compared with that dosed with Fe⁰ (21.75 mg/L); (3) Fe⁰ particularly promoted the enrichment of Geobacter, and it was 6 times higher than those in sludge samples dosed with Fe(II) and Fe(III) at the same dose of 160 mg/L iron.