天堂河河道治理工程水质改善预测分析

河道治理工程重在改善河道的水质,以恢复河流生态系统。本文以北京市大兴区天堂河河道治理工程为例,介绍了河道治理工程环境影响评价中的水质改善预测分析,首先分析生态需水量和供氧量是否满足河流生态需水要求,后又利用地面水环评助手软件预测了河流水质,预测分析了天堂河水质目标的可达性,旨在为以后的河道治理类工程环境影响评价提供参考。     

An Approach for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Various Ozone Air Quality Standards for Protecting Trees

We demonstrate an approach for evaluating the level of protection attained using a variety of forms and levels of past, current, and proposed Air Quality Standards (AQSs). The U.S. Clean Air Act requires the establishment of ambient air quality standards to protect health and public welfare. However, determination of attainment of these standards is based on ambient pollutant concentrations rather than prevention of adverse effects. To determine if a given AQS protected against adverse effects on vegetation, hourly ozone concentrations were adjusted to create exposure levels that “just attain” a given standard. These exposures were used in combination with a physiologically-based tree growth model to account for the interactions of climate and ozone. In the evaluation, we used ozone concentrations from two 6-year time periods from the San Bernardino Mountains in California. There were clear differences in the level of vegetation protection achieved with the various AQSs. Based on modeled plant growth, the most effective standards were the California 8-hr average maximum of 70 ppb and a seasonal, cumulative, concentration-weighted index (SUM06), which if attained, resulted in annual growth reductions of 1% or less. Least effective was the 1-hr maximum of 120 ppb which resulted in a 7% annual reduction. We conclude that combining climate, exposure scenarios, and a process-based plant growth simulator was a useful approach for evaluating effectiveness of current or proposed air quality standards, or evaluating the form and/or level of a standard based on preventing adverse growth effects.     

Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by ozonation of dyes and related compounds

Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by ozonation of commercially available dyes and related compounds was investigated. Ozonation was conducted using a semi-batch type reactor, and ozone concentration in gas phase and the ozone gas flow were 10 mg L(-1) and 1.0 L min(-1), respectively. NDMA was formed by 15 min of ozonation of seven out of eight selected target compounds (0.05 mM) at pH 7. All the target compounds with N,N-dimethylamino functions were NDMA precursors in ozonation. The lowest and highest NDMA concentrations after ozonation of the target compounds were 13 ng L(-1) for N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1600 ng L(-1) for N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD), respectively. NDMA concentrations after 15 min of ozonation of 0.05 mM methylene blue (MB) and DMPD increased with an increase in pH in its range of 6-8. The effects of coexisting compounds on NDMA concentrations after 15 min of ozonation of 0.05 mM MB and DMPD were examined at pH 7. NDMA concentrations after ozonation of MB and DMPD increased by the presence of 0.05 mM (0.7 mg L(-1) as N) nitrite (NO(2)(-)); 5000 ng L(-1) for MB and 4000 ng L(-1) for DMPD. NDMA concentration after MB ozonation decreased by the presence of 5mM tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), a hydroxyl radical (HO.) scavenger, but that after DMPD ozonation was increased by the presence of TBA. NDMA concentrations after ozonation of MB and DMPD were not affected by the presence of 0.16 mM (5.3 mg L(-1)) hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). When 0.05 mM MB and DMPD were added to the Yodo and Tone river water samples, NDMA concentrations after 15 min of their ozonation at pH 7 increased compared with those in the case of addition to ultrapure water samples.     

村庄下倾斜煤层条带开采方法研究

针对我国"三下"(建筑物下、水体下、铁路下)压煤条带开采的实际情况,根据国内外有关条带开采的实践经验和技术要求,采用极限强度理论和压力拱理论对村庄下倾斜煤层条带开采进行了分开采深度设计,计算得出了条带开采的采出宽度和保留宽度;应用条带开采地表移动参数的模糊优化理论对概率积分法预计参数进行了选取,按照不同的开采深度,对村庄范围内的地表移动和变形值进行预计;根据预计的结果,对计算得出的条带开采尺寸进行检验和优化。研究表明,村庄下分采深条带开采尺寸设计和分采深地表沉陷预计,不仅可以提高地下煤炭资源的采出率,实现村庄在不搬迁情况下安全开采,也可最大限度地减小地下开采对地表建筑物的损害。     

基于社会科学统计程序(SPSS)回归性分析的尾矿库事故预测模型

基于社会科学统计程序(SPSS)软件的分析功能,对调查研究中获取的尾矿库案例进行数据提炼和分类编码,找出相关因子并进行回归性分析。最终目的是找出尾矿库各个因素的内在联系,建立简单的尾矿库事故模型,从而可以初步预测尾矿库事故发生的可能性。该预测模型为尾矿库事故的研究提出了新方法,对于防灾减灾以及保护人民生命财产安全起到了积极作用。     

边坡变形时序非线性判定及混沌预测研究

以探讨边坡变形性质及混沌预测可行性为目的,基于混沌理论利用相空间重构技术对其变形时间序列进行混沌特征判定,试验显示变形系统具有混沌特性,可用混沌相关理论进行研究;基于混沌相空间重构技术,笔者构建了多种混沌预测模型进行混沌预计研究,分析各类模型的工程实际应用效果;针对单次监测时序预测精度较低的问题,提出累加时序预测方案,训练结果显示,短期预测精度变形累计值基本控制在5%以内,高程值预测相对误差均低于1%,预测精度较高,可以用于工程实际。     

突变级数法在采空区塌陷预测中的应用

基于突变级数理论,分析影响采空区稳定性的因素(包括采空区体积率、距地表的垂深、地质构造复杂程度、煤层倾角、覆盖层厚度、覆盖层类型等),研究采空区塌陷的预测方法.对各影响因素进行排序并确定各因素指标体系,得到各样本的突变级数,从而对采空区稳定性进行预测.实例验证表明,突变级数法的判断结果符合实际,与神经网络分级法的判断结果一致.可见,基于突变级数理论的采空区塌陷预测方法具有科学性和有效性.     

Plant and Soil System Responses to Ozone After 3 Years in a Lysimeter Study with Juvenile Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

A lysimeter study was performed to monitor effects of elevated ozone on juvenile trees of Fagus sylvatica L. as well as on the plant–soil system. During a fumigation period over almost three growing seasons, parameters related to plant growth, phenological development and physiology as well as soil functions were studied. The data analyses identified elevated ozone to delay leaf phenology at early and to accelerate it at late developmental stages, to reduce growth, some leaf nutrients (Ca, K) as well as some soluble phenolics (hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, total flavonol glycosides). No or very weak ozone effects were found in mobile carbon pools of leaves (starch, sucrose), and other phenolic compounds (flavans). Altered gene expression related to stress and carbon cycling corresponded well with findings from leaf phenology and chemical composition analyses indicating earlier senescence and oxidative stress in leaves under elevated ozone. Conversely in the soil system, no effects of ozone were detected on soil enzyme activities, rates of litter degradation and lysimeter water balances. Despite the fact that the three reported years 2003–2005 were climatically very contrasting including a hot and dry as well as an extremely wet summer, and also mild as well as cold winters, the influence of ozone on a number of plant parameters is remarkably consistent, further underlining the phytotoxic potential of elevated tropospheric ozone levels.     

利辛M4.1地震前的流磁异常及其变化

安徽省利辛县张村镇 1 999 1 2 3 0发生M4 1地震 ,震前数日省流磁测量组在皖北进行了 1 999年第 4期流动地磁测量。运用Sδf方法分析此期流磁资料 ,可见明显异常。震后 ,异常恢复。分析认为 :Sδf方法在运用流磁资料作短期地震预报方面具有一定实用性。     

六安流动地磁测量异常的映震能力探讨

将安徽省六安地区流动地磁测线 12个流动地磁测点的∑ |δfi|异常与安徽中西部地震活动性作对比分析 ,初步结果为 :12个流动地磁测点的∑ |δfi|值较大 (∑ |δfi|≥Fu) ,一年内安徽中西部地区的地震活动性增强 ;反之 ,则安徽中西部地区的地震活动性较弱。此方法在地震的中短期预报中有一定的实用意义。