不同氮磷比对多年生水生植物生长特性影响的研究

从氮、磷等植物生长的环境因子出发,研究了高低氮磷营养水平下,不同氮／磷比例的富营养化水体对聚草（Myriophyllum spicatum）、黄花水龙（Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi）、喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）生长特性的影响。结果表明,聚草在氮磷比2：1时生物量最大,且生物量在高浓度水平处理明显大于低浓度水平处理（P〈0．01）;黄花水龙在氮磷比10：1～20：1时生物量最大,高低浓度水平处理问生物量无显著性差异;喜旱莲子草在较高氮磷比20：l～40：1时生物量最大,高浓度水平处理时生物量显著性高于低浓度水平处理（P〈0．05）。在低浓度水平处理时,氮为黄花水龙和喜旱莲子草生长的主要限制因子,磷为聚草生长的主要限制因子,且喜早莲子草叶绿素增长期较其他处理提前,而黄花水龙的叶绿素变化在高低营养水平下差异不显著。营养盐水平对聚草茎长和生物量的影响较对黄花水龙和喜旱莲子草的影响明显。     

新型玻纤／P84复合针刺毡的开发及应用

阐述了玻纤／P84复合毡过滤材料的研制过程、技术方法、使用效果及其应用。玻纤／P84复合针刺毡既要满足高性能、低成本的生产要求,还要适应不断提高的环保要求及复杂工况的要求。     

碳氮磷比失调对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响

我国南方城市污水普遍存在低碳相对高氮磷特征,本文介绍了同时生物脱氮除磷的机理、对碳源的需求与竞争,以及一些针对此类污水生物脱氮除磷的改进工艺及其在实际运用中的效果,并对此类污水的处理方向进行了展望。     

A survey of antennal responses by five species of coniferophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to bark volatiles of six species of angiosperm trees

Summary. Using Porapak Q traps, we collected the bark volatiles of six angiosperm trees native to British Columbia: black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray (Salicaceae), trembling aspen, P. tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae), paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh. (Betulaceae), bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum Pursh (Aceraceae), red alder, Alnus rubra Bong. (Betulaceae), and Sitka alder, A. viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) á. L?ve & D. L?ve (Betulaceae). Utilising coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection analysis, the captured volatiles were assayed for antennal responses in five species of coniferophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), sympatric with most or all of the angiosperm trees: the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, D. rufipennis (Kirby), the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, and the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say). The identities of 25 antennally-active compounds were determined by coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic analysis, and co-chromatographic comparisons with authentic chemicals. The compounds identified were: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, heptanal, α-pinene, frontalin, benzaldehyde, β-pinene, 2-hydroxycyclohexanone, 3-carene, limonene, β-phellandrene, benzyl alcohol, (E)-ocimene, salicylaldehyde, conophthorin, guaiacol, nonanal, methyl salicylate, 4-allylanisole, decanal, thymol methyl ether, (E)-nerolidol, and dendrolasin. A number of these compounds are known semiochemicals that are active in the behaviour of other organisms, including bark beetles, suggesting a high degree of semiochemical parsimony. Antennally-active compounds ranged from seven in A. viridis to 17 in P. trichocarpa. The fewest number of compounds (9) were detected by I. pini and the largest number (24) were detected by D. pseudotsugae. Six compounds excited the antennae of all five species of bark beetles. The large number of antennally-active compounds detected in common by numerous bark beetles and present in common in numerous nonhost trees supports the hypothesis of olfaction-based recognition and avoidance of nonhost angiosperm trees during the process of host selection by coniferophagous bark beetles. Received 13 December 1999; accepted 14 March 2000     

紫外分光光度法测定水中对苯二甲酸

紫外分光光度法测定水中对苯二甲酸,具有简便、快速、灵敏、稳定、所用试剂少、选择性好、抗干扰能力强等优点,适合地面水或废水样品的分析,回收率为９４～１１０％     

磷化铝生产废气的治理

论述了磷化铝生产废气的治理工艺、吸收剂选择及填料塔主要设计参数。水、液碱均可以作为吸收剂。以水为吸收剂,塔底出液pH<1时可用石灰乳中和后循环使用;当液碱作为吸收剂时P2O5被NaOH溶液吸收,当循环液中磷酸盐浓度较高时,可用来制作混合肥。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia, available soil P and nodulation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Zimbabwe

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r² = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer.     

关于沥青厂二级气浮后污水处理的探讨

应用Ｐ．Ｆ．Ｓ和助剂的化学沉降法处理沥青厂二级气浮后的污水，处理后污水不仅达到排放标准，还可作工业冷却水用、实现污水闭路循环。     

黄曲霉素B1-DNA加合物的实验研究

用＾３２Ｐ后标记的方法测小牛胸腺ＤＮＡ和黄曲霉素Ｂ１体外反应产物里的ＤＮＡ－ＡＦＢ加合物，发现有４种不贩的ＤＮＡ加合物，加合物含量的ＲＡＬ＝１．０８／１０＾７（正常核酸），对比用ＤＮＡ的４种碱基和ＡＦＢ１反应所形成的加合物，发现有３种ＤＮＡ－ＡＦＢ１的加合物是来自鸟嘌呤碱基修饰所形成的。     

新农药单甲脒对棉花的生态生理影响

两年的研究结果表明：单甲脒推荐浓度－稀释１０００倍对棉花的生理机能有些促进作用，其水分利用效率正常；其他处理浓度对光合速率也无不良影响，对气孔开度、蒸腾速率仅在施药初期略有抑制，半衰期后抑制消失，稀释５００倍以下各处理水分利用效率受到不同程度的抑制。单甲脒在棉叶残留量最多，伴随着叶片的Ｎ、Ｐ含量也略增加，可认为适量的施用单甲脒不仅能防治虫害、且能促进棉花的光合速率从而提高了干物质生产。