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排序方式: 共有214条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
41.
K. -W. Schramm 《Chemosphere》1994,28(12):2151-2171
A mathematical model UNITRISK which can be used for screening purposes and risk ranking was set up to calculate relative risk values of single chemicals and mixtures of chemicals towards single or mixtures of organisms via contamination of air, water, soil and food dose. The concentration values are calculated by applying the fugacity concept or a dose must be defined. The dose-response is assumed to be linear versus concentration and degradative processes are not considered which is the worst case. The assumption that equilibria between the environmental phases exist is simplifying the model and is also representing the worst case. A mean risk factor is calculated which is 1 if the endpoint values (LC50, LD50, ADI, etc.) are exceeded for the investigated organisms and man. 相似文献
42.
环境样品中PCBs的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
详细地介绍了应用GC/MS或GC/ECD测定样品的PCBs的分析方法及榈前处理的方法,并给出了30个行政检查样品的测定结果。 相似文献
43.
膜法富氧技术在多氯联苯(PCB_S)焚烧炉中的应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了富氧焚烧技术在多氯联苯焚烧炉中的应用,重点探讨了其节能效果. 相似文献
44.
The most thorough field investigation, to date, of the temporal distribution and fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in an inland lake has been conducted in Little Lake Butte des Morts, WI. Distinct seasonal variations in dissolved and particle associated PCBs were observed over a two year period at the lake outlet; the lowest values occurred during ice-cover periods while the highest values occurred during summertime. Total dissolved PCBs ranged from 1.4–34 ng/L while total particle associated PCBs varied from 2.1–105 ng/L. An average of 71% of the total PCBs were associated with particles. Both PCB fractions were dominated by ortho-chlorinated di-, tri-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls with IUPAC #28+31 accounting for the greatest portion. Some changes appear to have taken place in the environmental composition of congeners since PCBs first entered this waterway through effluent discharges. 相似文献
45.
Five methylsulphonyltetrachloro-(14C)biphenyls and three methylsulphonylpentachloro-(14C)biphenyls were synthesized, 3,4-Dichloro-(14C)aniline was reacted with 2,3- and 2,6-dichlorothioanisole and 2,4,5-trichloro-(14C)aniline with 2,5-dichlorothioanisole. The PCB methyl sulphides were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding sulphones. 相似文献
46.
C. de Wit B. Jansson M. Strandell P. Jonsson P-A. Bergqvist S. Bergek L-O. Kjeller C. Rappe M. Olsson S. Slorach 《Chemosphere》1990,20(10-12)
PCDD/F levels are presented for food baskets, raw and fried herring, wolf muscle and moose tallow collected from the same area, three burbot liver samples, a sediment core from the Baltic Sea and leach water from three garbage dumps. Levels in food baskets were at or below detection limits making the estimation of intake via the diet difficult. Frying herring produces no net change in PCDD/F levels. Moose have lower PCDD/F levels than wolf from the same area. Levels in burbot liver samples are much higher near industrial discharges than in a more undisturbed area. The top 4 cm of the sediment core contain the highest levels of PCDD/F. Thereafter the levels drop and reach a low level. This low level is probably caused by contamination during sampling and is not evidence of PCDD/F presence far back in time. Leach water from city dumps contains low levels of PCDD/F but that from a dump that takes industrial wastes had higher levels and a different congener pattern. 相似文献
47.
48.
A.P.K. Jantunen A.A. Koelmans M.T.O. Jonker 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2672-2678
Sorption isotherms (pg-ng/L) were measured for 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of varying molecular planarity from aqueous solution to two carbonaceous geosorbents, anthracite coal and traffic soot. All isotherms were reasonably log-log-linear, but smooth for traffic soot and staircase-shaped for coal, to which sorption was stronger and more nonlinear. The isotherms were modeled using seven sorption models, including Freundlich, (dual) Langmuir, and Polanyi-Dubinin-Manes (PDM). PDM provided the best combination of reliability and mechanistically-interpretable parameters. The PDM normalizing factor Z appeared to correlate negatively with sorbate molecular volume, dependent on the degree of molecular planarity. The modeling results supported the hypothesis that maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) correlate positively with the sorbent’s specific surface area. Qmax did not decrease with increasing sorbate molecular size, and adsorption affinities clearly differed between the sorbents. Sorption was consistently stronger but not less linear for planar than for nonplanar PCBs, suggesting surface rather than pore sorption. 相似文献
49.
Olga V. Poliakova Albert T. Lebedev Valery S. Petrosyan Osmo Hanninen Aristeo Renzoni Demetris Sawa 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):235-243
Lake Baikal is the deepest and oldest freshwater lake in the world containing about 20% of the world's fresh water. The present state of its contamination with organic pollutants was studied during 1997–1998 by collecting samples of sediments, phytoplankton, Zooplankton, sponges, aquatic plants, algae, muscles of various fish species, eggs of various birds and blubber of seals. Samples were prepared and analysed using GC‐MS for semivolatile priority pollutants on the US EPA list, for the presence of organochlorine pesticides and for PCBs. The results showed that there was pronounced bioaccumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds along the trophic chain, leading to substantial residues of organochlorine compounds in seals (e.g. 0.87–25.3 ppm of p,p'‐DDT in blubber). 相似文献
50.
Marek Roszko Krystyna Szymczyk Małgorzata Rzepkowska Renata Jędrzejczak 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):182-199
Various statistical methods have been employed to analyse in details seasonal diversification of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)/polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener profiles found in butter fat. The variability of the PCB/PBDE congener profiles indicates the presence of various sources of the milk fat contamination. The obtained results suggest that the environmental chemical background has the highest share in the contamination sources pattern. Ion trap mass spectrometry coupled to high-resolution gas chromatography with semi-permeable membrane dialysis sample cleanup was used for determination of PCBs and PBDEs in milk fat. Determined butter fat PCB profiles were similar to the profiles characteristic for Aroclor 1254 technical mixture. Our data indicate that dietary intake of PCB/PBDE with milk and milk products may be estimated to be about 717.5 pg kg b.w.?1 day?1 for six-indicator PCBs, 0.329 (equivalent toxicity, TEQ) pg kg b.w.?1 day?1 for 12 DL PCBs and 50 pg kg b.w.?1 day?1 for PBDEs (sum of 14 congeners). 相似文献