Sources of PCDD/Fs, non-ortho PCBs and PAHs in sediments of high and low impacted transboundary rivers (Belgium-France)

PAHs, PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs have been assessed in Yser and Upper-Scheldt river sediments. Higher contamination levels were observed in the Upper-Scheldt sediments: maximum concentrations for the 16 US-EPA PAHs, PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs respectively amount to 8.9 mg kg⁻¹, 12 ng TEQ kg⁻¹ and 5.1 ng TEQ kg⁻¹. Diagnostic PAH ratios in sediments and atmospheric samples suggest that the PAH compounds are from pyrolytic origin, more specifically combustion processes. The huge consumption of coal in cokes-ovens and smelters and its use for house-heating in Northern France, although decreasing during the last decades, are in support of that suggestion. PCDD/F fingerprints in sediments and deposition material indicate that OCDD is the dominant congener. In addition use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the past led to a minor contribution of PCDD/Fs in our sediment samples. Non-ortho PCBs form a substantial fraction of the total TEQ concentrations observed in the sediments. Since the 1980s and 1990s a substantial reduction of the PCDD/F sediment concentrations is observed, but this is not the case for the PAHs.     

Changes in persistent contaminant concentration and CYP1A1 protein expression in biopsy samples from northern bottlenose whales, Hyperoodon ampullatus, following the onset of nearby oil and gas development

A small population of endangered northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) inhabits "The Gully" a Marine Protected Area on the Scotian Shelf, eastern Canada. Amid concerns regarding nearby oil and gas development, we took 36 skin and blubber biopsy samples in 1996-1997 (prior to major development) and 2002-2003 (five years after development began), and three samples from a population in the Davis Strait, Labrador in 2003. These were analysed for cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) protein expression (n=36), and for persistent contaminants (n=23). CYP1A1 showed generally low expression in whales from The Gully, but higher levels during 2003, potentially coincident with recorded oil spills, and higher levels in Davis Strait whales. A range of PCB congeners and organochlorine compounds were detected, with concentrations similar to other North Atlantic odontocetes. Concentrations were higher in whales from The Gully than from the Davis Strait, with significant increases in 4,4'-DDE and trans-nonachlor in 2002-2003 relative to 1996-1997.     

电化学-接触氧化法处理多层线路板废水工程实例

介绍了采用电化学 生物接触氧化法处理多层线路板废水的工程应用实例。运行结果表明该工艺Cu2 +的去除率在 99%以上 ,CODCr的去除率在 87%以上 ,操作简单 ,运行稳定 ,处理出水稳定达标。     

黑麦草-菌根-蚯蚓对多氯联苯污染土壤的联合修复效应

采用水稻土盆栽试验,研究了黑麦草-蚯蚓-菌根对多氯联苯(PCB)污染土壤的联合修复效应.试验土壤中PCB含量为307.2 ng·g-1,并设添加蚯蚓(E)、种植黑麦草(R)、黑麦草-蚯蚓(RE)、黑麦草-接种菌根(RM)及黑麦草-菌根-蚯蚓三者联合修复(RME)5个处理,以不加黑麦草、蚯蚓、菌根的土壤为对照(CK),并...     

Characterization studies of a semi‐automated separation method for analysis of non‐ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in environmental samples

Non‐ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners can account for the majority of the dioxin‐like toxicity in environmental samples, yet analysis for these congeners is difficult because other PCB congeners co‐elute with them in most Chromatographic methods. An automated method was developed which incorporates a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column which is commercially available. Non‐ortho substituted congeners were successfully separated from interfering PCB congeners. Recoveries of non‐ortho substituted congeners were consistently reproducible (CV < 9%) when chicken eggs were fortified with individual congeners.     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in human tissues of the Czech and Slovak populations

The persistence of lipophilic organochlorine substances leads to their incorporation into the food chain and subsequent uptake by humans. Due to their use in the past, Czech and Slovak countries belong to the countries with a relatively high body burden of organochlorines. Levels of PCBs in human tissues based on the congener‐specific analysis are reported in this paper. Samples were analysed for the most abundant PCB congeners. Prevalent persistent organochlorine pesticides and their isomers/metabolites have also been included. The present study is focused on following areas: i) distribution of analysed substances in the various human tissue samples from selected regions of the Czech and Slovak Republic and ii) comparison with the results from other foreign and local studies.     

中和—絮凝法回收硝酸型退锡废水中的锡

将传统的中和法和絮凝法相结合,采用中和—絮凝法回收硝酸型褪锡废水中的锡,考察了反应终点体系pH、碱液浓度、絮凝剂浓度等因素对锡回收效果的影响。实验结果表明,在NaOH溶液浓度为6 mol/L、反应终点体系pH为0.8、聚丙烯酰胺溶液质量浓度为3 g/L的工艺条件下,可得到干基锡含量54.6%（w）的高品位锡泥。与传统的单一中和/絮凝法相比,采用中和—絮凝法不仅可以有效提高生产效率,而且减少了碱液和絮凝剂用量,回收锡之后体系中大量的硝酸可进一步回收利用。     

销毁含多氯联苯废弃物焚烧炉的二噁、类二噁和多氯联苯排放

我国正在研制专用于销毁高浓度多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）的焚烧炉,主要处理废旧的含（ＰＣＢｓ）的电力电容器和变压器,应用可靠准确的监测方法测定了试验性焚烧炉渣、烟灰排气和废水中的二口恶口英（ｄｉｏｘｉｎｓ）,类二口恶口英多氯联苯（ｄｉｏｘｉｎｌｉｋｅＰＣＢｓ）和ＰＣＢｓ含量,结果表明该炉试烧高浓度ＰＣＢｓ时,焚毁率可以达到９９．９９９９％,炉渣中的２,３,７,８ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量为８７．８６ｐｇＴＥＱ／ｇ,烟灰中残留二口恶口英和类二口恶口英的总２,３,７,８ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量为４７．２３ｎｇＴＥＱ／ｇ．     

污染区大气中多氯联苯的表征与分布研究初探

通过采集并分析污染区大气及大气颗粒物中PCBs的含量,揭示了污染区空气中PCBs的残留量,讨论了各样品中PCBs的组成及分布,气相样品中可检出的PCBs总浓度在19 1-641ng·m-3,颗粒物中可检出的PCBs同类物总浓度为0.191-0.373μg·g -1. 并对气相与颗粒物PCBs浓度的关系进行了初步探讨.对同类物分布的研究表明,无论气态还是大气颗粒物中低氯代的PCBs同类物都是其主要成份.     

空调器印剧电路板(PCB)无铅焊点寿命评估研究

由于无铅焊料的应用,无铅焊点的可靠性问题得到了关注.本文针对无铅焊点的空调器印刷电路板(PCB),结合实际使用条件,采用加速寿命的方式,测试了焊点的寿命.并针对温度循环条件下的焊点,使用有限元模拟技术计算测定了其寿命,并与实验的结果进行了比较,取得了较吻合的结果.