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Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are largely generated during the anaerobic acidification process, are considered to be reliable indicators of the stable process operation. However, the common methods for monitoring VFAs are offline, and they are typically manual requiring time-consuming, costly and complex instruments. This study aims to develop a novel online analyzer for automatic measuring VFAs, which was based on the 5-pH point titration, embedded with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control system. The results show that it can achieve accurate and rapid monitoring of VFAs ranging between 0-400 mg/L (<9 min/sample) but simultaneously faces the problems of overtitration and interference of complex characteristics of wastewater. In order to improve its accuracy and stability, the effects of three general coefficients (KI, KP, and KD) of PID on the titration were investigated, and the optimal values of KI, KP, and KD were found to be 1.5, 1.0, and -1.0~0.5, respectively. Besides, the initial titration speed was set at 0.06 mL/min, equal to the minimum speed of the peristaltic pump, and the dichotomy approach was integrated into the PID feedback controller. Owing to the above improvements, the relative mean deviation and standard deviation of measuring VFAs in both synthetic and real wastewaters were mostly lower than 5.0% and 5.0 mg/L, proving the online analyzer is rapid, accurate and reliable. 相似文献
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目的解决现有研究只考虑单一制冷工况,导致数学模型建立不精确,对飞机液冷车控制系统PID控制效果产生较为不利影响这一问题,提高控制系统的控制能力。方法根据飞机的保障需求和飞机液冷车的具体工况,分别建立制冷和制热两种工况下制冷换热系统的数学模型,并利用Simulink进行仿真研究。结果与单一制冷工况下所建立的数学模型相比,两种工况下所建立的数学模型其PID控制在制冷、制热工况下响应时间分别为2.1,3.1 min,短于单一制冷工况下所建立的数学模型(2.8,4.5 min)。系统误差分别为0.75%,0.51%,低于单一制冷工况(1.5%,0.71%)。结论在两种工况数学模型下的PID控制在响应速度、控制精度等方面均显示出更好的控制能力,具有良好的军事和工业应用前景。 相似文献
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马文琦 《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》2021,(2):30-34
针对目前地铁站及地铁车辆内部的环境温度控制,提出一种通过数据分析随环境变化情况进行自动调节的智能温度控制系统方案.智能温度控制系统采用闭环控制,核心温控采用PID控制.阐述系统的设计原理、架构、关键技术、实际应用中的工作模式,说明环境因素采集预算子系统、温度实时监测子系统、温度预警和温度调整子系统的系统功能. 相似文献
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结合新疆回收地膜清洗污水的特点及水循环需要,采用"EIC三电一体化"计算机集散控制技术,设计了一种小型的污水处理自动控制系统,重点阐述了系统的结构和控制原理以及关键控制技术,并通过实验及仿真得出了关键参数. 相似文献
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Alireza BehroozsarandSirous Shafiei 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(1):25-33
Many control problems involve simultaneous optimization of multiple performance measures that are often non-commensurable and competing with each other. The presence of multiple objectives in a problem usually gives rise to one set of optimal solutions, largely known as Pareto-optimal solutions. In this paper, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) has been successfully applied to optimization of dynamic state of simple distillation process. This paper presents the tuning of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers by minimizing of three objective functions (overshoot, response time, and Integral of Absolute Error (IAE)) through NSGA-II. A MATLAB code for real-parameter NSGA-II has been coupled with HYSYS v.3.1 process simulator for simulation and optimization of process. Optimization numerical results show that genetic algorithm is more suitable method for optimal control of distillation columns than traditional methods. 相似文献
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基于PLC的冷却系统自整定模糊控制研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在机载产品地面试验过程中需要为其提供相应的冷却环境,可在受试产品发生改变时,制冷设备在传统控制算法下往往无法维持较为理想的控制结果,需要重新人工整定控制参数。为解决此问题,研究了基于PLC的冷却系统自整定模糊控制方法,该方法可在PLC内编写系统参数累加辨识程序,从而计算得到系统的模型参数以及初始控制参数,再通过模糊控制器对该参数进行实时整定。试验表明该控制方法可以对系统参数进行自动辨识,辨识结果能够反映模拟负载的功率变化趋势,控制结果无明显超调及稳态误差。将该方法应用于液冷机组,可以在被冷却对象发生较大变化时重新辨识控制器参数,免去人工进行参数调试的工序,加强了设备的通用性,获得良好的控制结果。 相似文献
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针对环境试验设备在高精度控制过程中难以达到要求,需与人工控制相结合才能精确调试的问题,提出了数字PID整定在环境试验设备控制的应用。通过比例、积分、微分三部分综合控制,以精确调试环境试验设备。 相似文献
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为解决矿井停机切换主要通风机过程中引起的井下风量波动很大,易造成瓦斯积聚等引发的安全问题,提出1种基于智能控制的主通风机稳风切换系统.建立动态风机倒机数学模型,提出基于改进粒子群算法优化的模糊自适应PID的控制方法,并应用MATLAB进行仿真实验,结果表明:控制方法控制效果明显,在系统运行的120 s内,井下风量波动始... 相似文献
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