常州市可吸入颗粒物PM10极值分析

通过常州市气象资料分析,发现24 h前半段内维持降水,且24 h降水量在10 mm以上,对PM10有明显的净化作用.冬半年,晴朗夜间到次日上午,出现微风(风速1～2 m·s-1)、逆温和大雾天气持续稳定约12 h,使城市排放的大气污染物不能扩散,积聚在近地层,是PM10年最大值产生的主要原因.同时,对城市近地面二氧化硫、二氧化氮质量浓度值也引起明显的增大作用.     

北京城区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的矿物学研究

使用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和扫描电镜技术(SEM/EDX)对北京PM10中的矿物组分进行了分析.结果表明,北京PM10中的矿物组分存在明显的季节变化规律,春季PM10中的矿物组成种类最多;秋季PM10中的矿物种类最少;在夏季PM10中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如NH4Cl、K(NH4)Ca(SO4)2?H2O、As2O3?SO3等.粘土矿物是北京PM10中含量最高的矿物,石英的含量次之,其他依次为方解石、石膏、长石、白云石以及其他矿物颗粒;北京PM10中还存在一定数量的复合颗粒,颗粒表面常有S、Cl元素的存在.     

全国2018~2019年秋冬季气象条件变化对PM2.5影响研究

本文基于WRF-CMAQ模型定量分析了气象条件变化对PM_2.5的影响.全国337个城市2018~2019秋冬季气象条件转差导致PM_2.5平均浓度同比上升约5.55%.24个省市气象条件同比转差，北京气象转差致使PM_2.5同比上升约3.66%.从重点区域来看，京津冀及周边“2+26”城市气象条件转差最显著，汾渭平原次之，长江三角洲（以下称长三角）基本持平，分别导致PM_2.5浓度同比上升约9.4%、8.3%、1.1%.“2+26”城市和汾渭平原气象条件在11月、1月、2月转差，10月、3月气象条件转好.长三角则10月、11月、3月气象条件转差；12月、1月、2月转好.“2+26”城市2018~2019秋冬季PM_2.5浓度同比上升主要为气象条件转差所致；汾渭平原PM_2.5同比变化较小，人为减排有效抵消了气象条件转差带来的不利影响；长三角PM_2.5浓度同比下降，与气象条件变幅小且污染排放较去年同期降低有关.     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法研究大气颗粒物中元素浓度

1　IntroductionAirborneparticulatematterisoneoftheimportantmarkersofairqualityandisanimportanthealthconcerninurbanareas,especiallywithrespecttoanumberofchronicrespiratorydiseases.Medicaldatasuggeststhatitisthisfractionofparticulatematterthatbecomesdeeplyi…     

A new environmental chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary aerosol formation

A new state-of-the-art indoor environmental chamber facility for the study of atmospheric processes leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been constructed and characterized. The chamber is designed for atmospheric chemical mechanism evaluation at low reactant concentrations under well-controlled environmental conditions. It consists of two collapsible 90 m³ FEP Teflon film reactors on pressure-controlled moveable frameworks inside a temperature-controlled enclosure flushed with purified air. Solar radiation is simulated with either a 200 kW Argon arc lamp or multiple blacklamps. Results of initial characterization experiments, all carried out at 300–305 K under dry conditions, concerning NO_x and formaldehyde offgasing, radical sources, particle loss rates, and background PM formation are described. Results of initial single organic–NO_x and simplified ambient surrogate–NO_x experiments to demonstrate the utility of the facility for mechanism evaluation under low NO_x conditions are summarized and compared with the predictions of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism. Overall, the results of the initial characterization and evaluation indicate that this new environmental chamber can provide high quality mechanism evaluation data for experiments with NO_x levels as low as 2 ppb, though the results indicate some problems with the gas-phase mechanism that need further study. Initial evaluation experiments for SOA formation, also carried out under dry conditions, indicate that the chamber can provide high quality secondary aerosol formation data at relatively low hydrocarbon concentrations.     

Atmospheric particulate matter and air quality in the Mediterranean: a review

This article synthesises the results obtained in several projects on atmospheric aerosol (particulate matter – PM) pollution developed during the last years in the Western Mediterranean. It focuses on particulate matter sources and the strategies for suitable monitoring in ambient air. The article has been structured in several sections that give response to the main questions that prompted these studies. After analysing the main PM features in the Mediterranean, a brief review of the main factors differentiating the particulate matter composition with respect to Central Europe is presented. Finally, the suitability of the different metrics or parameters for monitoring ambient air PM levels in different types of environments is discussed. Selected article from the 6th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro organized by Prof. Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic (www.research.plymouth.ac.uk/ace).     

日照市可吸入颗粒物污染源的CMB受体模型解析

颗粒物是中国大多数城市环境空气中的首要污染物,特别是细小的可吸入颗粒物对人类健康的危害更大.为全面弄清城市环境空气中可吸入颗粒物的来源,以日照市为例,分采暖期和非采暖期对其主要大气污染源进行识别和采样,包括煤烟尘、建筑水泥尘、扬尘、土壤风沙尘、海盐粒子和二次粒子,并利用原子发射光谱、离子色谱等仪器对其成分进行定性定量分析,建立可吸入颗粒物的源成分谱和受体成分谱.通过化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型进行解析,得出各污染源对受体的贡献值和分担率.确定主要污染源,为采取针对性的措施治理污染提供依据.     

典型室内空气污染现状研究

研究典型室内空气污染现状及其对人体健康的影响,探讨影响典型室内空气质量的主要因素及其室内外主要污染物的相关性,并提出一些改进措施,为深入分析典型室内外污染物相关性及其净化技术方法打下基础.     

基于空间网格尺度的中国PM2.5污染健康效应空间分布

以全国城市空气质量实时发布平台的监测数据为基础，运用空间插值法模拟中国PM_2.5在10kmx10km空间网格尺度上的暴露水平，利用BenMap工具估计2017年中国PM_2.5污染的健康损失，在城市尺度上对PM_2.5污染的健康经济损失进行空间分析.结果表明，在统计意义层面上，2017年PM_2.5污染共计造成我国321435例早逝、746078例住院、14877551例患病，健康经济损失约为12625亿元，占当年全国GDP的1.53%.从城市尺度来看，健康效应呈现出一定的空间聚集效应，京津冀地区城市较为严重.在空间分布上，主要以“高-高”型和“低-低”型分布为主，即健康经济损失高值城市相互聚集、健康经济损失低值城市也相互聚集，并且存在高值城市之间相互影响并逐渐向四周扩散，进而影响周围低值城市的现象.     

深度学习方法在上海市PM2.5浓度预报中的应用

为提升PM_2.5浓度预报能力,尤其是对PM_2.5重污染的预报能力,以中尺度气象-化学耦合模式系统（WRF-Chem）为基础,结合中尺度WRF气象预报数据、地面及高空气象观测数据、PM_2.5浓度观测数据,基于人工智能深度学习序列到序列的算法建立了上海市PM_2.5统计预报模型.结果表明,人工智能深度学习算法（Seq2seq）明显修正了WRF-Chem模式由于模型非客观性造成的偏差,提高了上海市PM_2.5浓度的预报能力;该算法优化和修正了WRF-Chem模式结果,并通过检验发现可以使PM_2.5浓度预报值与实况值间的相关系数由0.51上升至0.79,均方根误差由25.9μg/m³下降至15.01μg/m³.而单独使用套索法（Lasso）线性回归算法对WRF-Chem模式优化效果不理想.基于Seq2seq的PM_2.5浓度预报修正模型能够有效提升预报精度.