镇江市秋季典型天气污染过程的PM2.5在线源解析

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)是灰霾天气形成的主要原因,通过利用在线源解析的仪器对镇江市秋季典型天气下每类污染源实时的贡献比例的变化趋势解析,初步摸清镇江市典型天气下污染过程中颗粒物的来源.结果显示,监测期间发生的五次污染成因有所不同,但大多与机动车尾气源相关.入秋后,大气边界层高度降低,在静稳天气下,近地面排放的尾气源颗粒物极易累积集聚,造成或加剧污染的发生.此外,随着秋收季节的到来,秸秆焚烧现象有所抬头,生物质燃烧源对大气造成的影响需引起重视.     

台州电子垃圾拆解区PM2.5中离子的组成及来源

于2006年至2007年在台州电子垃圾拆解区和市区对照点采集了不同季节的大气细颗粒物样品,利用离子色谱对颗粒物中氯离子(Cl-)、硝酸根(NO3-)、硫酸根(SO42-)、草酸根(C2O42-)、钠离子(Na+)、铵离子(NH4+)、钾离子(K+)、钙离子(ca2+)、镁离子(Mg2+)等水溶性离子进行r分析.结果表明...     

北京市大气PM_（2.5）中四种水溶性阴离子的水平变化比较

了解北京市城区和郊区大气细颗粒物中的四种水溶性阴离子F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-的浓度水平,并分析影响其水平高低的因素。使用聚四氟乙烯滤膜分别采集北京市城区和郊区大气中的PM2.5,用纯水提取后采用离子色谱法测定水溶性阴离子质量浓度。采样期间北京市大气PM2.5、F-、Cl-、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度几何均数分别为55.36、0.02、0.46、6.72和1.09μg·m-3,四种水溶性阴离子质量浓度总和占PM2.5质量浓度的19.14%;同一季节（春季）郊区监测点大气PM2.5、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度显著高于城区监测点;城区大气PM2.5与四种水溶性阴离子质量浓度秋季高于春季,但差异无统计学意义;大气PM2.5与Cl-、SO42-和NO3-质量浓度均高度相关。Cl-、SO42-、NO3-是北京市大气PM2.5的重要组成成分。     

Diurnal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM2:5 in Shanghai, China

Forty-eight daily time interval PM2:5 samples were collected from December 2006 to January 2008 in an urban site in Shanghai, China. Concentrations and compositions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed with GC-MS to study the diurnal and seasonal variations and to identify the main emitting sources. The diurnal variation of the PAHs concentrations was greater in the late autumn and winter sampling days, and was greatly influenced by meteorological conditions such as wind speed and ambient temperature. The concentration of PAHs in the mornings (6:30–10:00) increased distinctly, and was high in the late autumn and winter sampling days, indicating the contribution from vehicle emissions during rush hours. The diurnal variation of the high molecular weight PAHs did not seem to be controlled by the shift of gas-particle partitioning due to temperature variation, instead, it could be indicative of the variation in the source. Statistical analyses showed that the concentrations of PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed, and positively correlated with relative humidity. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggested mixed emission sources of petroleum and coal/biomass combustion for PAHs in the PM2:5 in Shanghai.     

Composition, source, mass closure of PM2:5 aerosols for four forests in eastern China

PM2.5 aerosols were collected in forests along north latitude in boreal-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones in eastern China, i.e., Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (CB), Dongping National Forest Park in Chongming Island (CM), Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve (DH), Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan Island (HN). The mass concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as well as concentrations of ten inorganic ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were determined. Aerosol chemical mass closures were achieved. The 24-hr average concentrations of PM2.5 were 38.8, 89.2, 30.4, 18 μg/m3 at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. Organic matter and EC accounted for 21%-33% and 1.3%-2.3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. The sum of three dominant secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+) accounted for 44%, 50%, 45% and 16% of local PM2.5 mass at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. WSOC comprised 35%-65% of OC. The sources of PM2.5 include especially important regional anthropogenic pollutions at Chinese forest areas.     

Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM2:5/PM10 in Beijing, China

During 2001-2006,PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site,China,and in 2006,at a background site in Duolun (DL).The long-term monitoring data of elements,ions,and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were black carbon (BC) crustal elements,nitrates,ammonium salts,and sulfates.These five major components accounted for 20%-80% of...     

Adding virtual measuring stations to a network for urban air pollution mapping

Maps of pollutants concentration are usually generated by means of interpolation and extrapolation methods. The quality of the results depends mainly of the number of permanent or temporary measuring stations. This paper deals with a method for the virtual densification of the network of stations. The method creates "virtual measuring stations". It aims at improving the quality of interpolation by increasing the number of data on pollutant concentration. The virtual stations are determined by the means of a classification method applied to each pixel of the area under concern. Discriminating elements are pollutants emission classes, land cover types, urban morphological indicators created to this purpose and distance to major roads. A first implementation was made for particulate matter (PM) for the city of Strasbourg (France) using thin-plates spline interpolation method in Arcview 9 GIS. The relative Root Mean Square Error decreases from 49% for five input stations down to 15% for the virtual stations.     

环糊精对Fe(Ⅲ)引发双酚A光降解的影响

环糊精口α-CD、β-CD和γ-CD能分别与双酚A形成1:1主-客体包结物.在250W金属卤化物灯(λ≥365 nm)光照下,研究了在Fe(Ⅲ)-OH配合物体系中,不同环糊精对双酚A光降解的影响.结果表明,β-CD能较大地促进双酚A的光降解,α-CD次之,而γ-CD对双酚A的光降解存在一定的抑制;并且CDs浓度的变化对双酚A光降解的初始速率有明显的影响.双酚A光降解的初始速率随着β-CD和α-CD浓度增大而增加,当β-CD=60μmol/L时达到最大,然后随着浓度增大而降低,而BPA的光降解初始速率随γ-CD浓度的增加总的趋势是减小的.通过计算机软件Gaussian98,采用PM3方法模拟了环糊精与双酚A的包结行为,进一步说明3种环糊精与双酚A形成主-客体包结物对光降解的影响.     

燃煤PM2.5相变脱除实验研究

实验研究了添加蒸汽和雾化水2种不同烟气调节方式下,操作参数对燃煤可吸入颗粒物凝结长大脱除特性的影响.用电称低压冲击器(ELPI)实时测量脱除前后颗粒数浓度和粒径分布情况.结果表明,蒸汽在颗粒表面凝结能有效促进燃煤PM2.5的脱除;颗粒的分级脱除效率随粒径的增大呈上升的趋势,特别是对于粒径<0.3 μm的颗粒,当蒸汽添加量为0.1 ks/m3,随粒径从0.03μm增加到0.3μm,脱除效率提高了60%以上;添加蒸汽时,脱除效率与调节室入口烟气温度无关;而添加雾化水,脱除效率则随调节室人口烟气温度的升高而显著增大,温度从136℃升高到256℃,脱除效率提高了30%以上.烟气温度较高时,利用雾化液滴的蒸发能替代添加蒸汽实现燃煤PM2.5的高效脱除.     

福州市春冬季灰霾天气PM10和PM2．5污染水平和气象特征分析

分析和探讨了福州市霾日和非霾日气溶胶PM10和PM2.5污染水平,无论春季或冬季,霾日福州市气溶胶PM10和PM2．5的质量浓度是非霾日的1．6倍;通过对霾日与非霾日的天气形势与及地面气象要素场的分析,揭示了福州市灰霾天气形成原因。为政府用空气扩散能力来对大气污染物排放进行调控,为开展相应的大气污染防治工作提供科学依据。