不同织物构造PPS滤料对PM2.5的过滤特性影响分析

针对纤维细度、纤维横截面形状、面层后处理工艺对PM2.5的过滤效率及阻力的影响问题,分别选用1#面层含100％ 2.22 dtex PPS纤维经PTFE浸渍、2#面层含50％ PPS细纤维不经PTFE浸渍、3#面层含50％ PPS细纤维经PTFE浸渍、4#面层含50％ PPS三叶形纤维不经PTFE浸渍、5#面层含50％ PPS三叶形纤维经PTFE浸渍、6#面层PTFE覆膜、7#面层含50％ PPS细纤维和50％ PTFE超细纤维的7种PPS滤料进行过滤性能试验.在环境气溶胶中,采用清洁滤料进行过滤试验研究.结果表明,1 m/min风速下对PM2.5的过滤效率从大到小为6#(81％)、7#(80％)、3#(76％)、5#(72％)、1#(63％)、2#(47％)、4#(41％),各因素中PTFE乳液浸渍后处理工艺的影响最为显著,面层纤维采用细纤维截面设计和三叶形截面设计都能有效增加滤料对PM2.5的过滤效率.过滤阻力方面,6#覆膜滤料随过滤风速增大阻力迅速上升;其他6种滤料的阻力较接近,上升缓慢.过滤品质因数Q值方面,相对于常规滤料,面层中混入细纤维或三叶形纤维滤料的Q增大;提高面层中细纤维比例,也能使Q增大;覆膜滤料效率虽高,但阻力较大,Q最小.     

基于移动监测的隧道内部PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)质量浓度分布研究

以上海市5条隧道为研究对象,采用车载移动监测的方式监测记录各条隧道沿程颗粒物(PM_(2.5)和PM_(10))的质量浓度,结合隧道自身特点,探究隧道内部颗粒物分布规律和成因。结果表明:隧道内颗粒物质量浓度分布主要与隧道自身的通风方式、结构特点和通过的车辆及其形成的活塞风有关。通过平行比较5条隧道的通风效果,发现翔殷路隧道通风效果较好,人民路隧道北线污染较为严重。     

住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染特征及源强度评估

为了解住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染水平并分析其影响因素且评估源排放强度,采用TSI AM-510型智能防爆粉尘仪对北京市4所住宅室内外的PM_(10)进行现场监测评价。结果显示:在室外PM_(10)浓度较低时,室内污染源会造成室内空气品质下降;室内PM_(10)受吸烟、烹饪、通风、室外交通及室外PM_(10)等影响;室内污染严重时I/O比较大;室内外PM_(10)污染呈线性规律的2个住宅室内PM_(10)的源排放均强度约为6.627,7.290 mg/h。     

超低排放燃煤电厂颗粒物脱除特性

在京津冀某660 MW超低排放发电机组,通过低压撞击器(DLPI)颗粒物取样系统对选择性催化还原装置(SCR)、低低温省煤器(LLTe)、静电除尘器(ESP)、高效湿法脱硫塔(WFGD)、湿式静电除尘器(WESP)进出口烟气中的颗粒物取样,通过滤膜取样系统对WFGD、WESP进出口颗粒物进行同步取样.获得了超低排放改造后,不同烟气处理设备对PM1、PM1~2.5、PM_(2.5~10)的脱除效率.结果表明,SCR能够明显增加PM1的质量浓度,PM1增加了52.11%;LLTe能够显著提高ESP的脱除效率,尤其是0.1~1μm范围内的颗粒物;WFGD能够协同脱除SO_2和颗粒物,但会增加PM1的排放,PM1质量浓度增加了59.41%,PM10中水溶性Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4组分增加;WESP对PM1、PM1~2.5、PM_(2.5~10)均有较高的脱除效率,能够进一步降低颗粒物质量浓度.超低排放技术路线下,该燃煤电厂最终排放的PM10质量浓度为2.04 mg·m~(-3).     

云下湿清除作用对长三角PM2.5模拟的影响

为探讨云下湿清除作用对长三角地区PM_2.5浓度模拟的影响，在华东区域大气环境数值预报系统中新增了气溶胶云下湿清除过程参数化方案，对比分析了2018年12月1日至2019年2月28日降水对长三角地区PM_2.5的清除作用及其对数值模拟效果的改进.结果表明，模式对该时段内的降水和PM_2.5浓度均有很好的模拟效果，模拟的数值、空间分布和变化趋势均与观测有良好的一致性；增加云下湿清除作用后长三角地区PM_2.5浓度模拟效果得到明显改善：平均偏差、平均误差和均方根误差分别减小4.85，1.72，2.35μg/m³，归一化偏差和归一化误差分别降低0.14和0.08，约90%城市的相关系数、均方根误差、平均误差、归一化误差得到改进；云下湿清除作用使模拟PM_2.5浓度随雨强增大而降低，解决了模式湿清除过程的不足.同时，增加云下湿清除作用会加剧部分城市PM_2.5模拟浓度偏低的现象，这需要通过其他过程的完善予以改进.     

探究PM_(2.5)在交通要道两侧的传播规律

随着国家对周围环境的治理要求和投入越来越大,人们对周围空气环境质量指标如PM_(2.5)等也越来越有了清醒的认识。为了弄清PM_(2.5)的传播规律,在老师和环保局的工程师的帮助和指导下对交通要道两侧选取了三个观测点24h不间断采取数据,利用对比法对PM_(2.5)的传播规律有了一个初步的认识。     

Determination of PM2.5 sources using time-resolved integrated source and receptor models

Multivariate statistical techniques are applied to particulate matter (PM) and meteorological data to identify the sources responsible for evening PM spikes at Sunland Park, NM (USA). The statistical techniques applied are principal components analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA), and absolute principal components scores analysis (APCSA), and the data evaluated are 3-h average (6–9 p.m.) PM_2.5 mass and chemical composition and 1-h average PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass and environmental data collected in the winter of 2002. Although the interpretation of the data was complicated by the presence of sources which are likely changing in time (e.g. brick kilns), the multivariate analyses indicate that the evening high PM_2.5 is associated with burning-activities occurring to the south of Sunland Park, and these emissions are characterized by elevated Sb, Cl⁻, and elemental carbon; 68% of the PM_2.5 mass can be attributed to this source. The PM₁₀ evening peaks, on the other hand, are mainly caused by resuspended dust generated by vehicular movements south of the site and transported by the local terrain-induced drainage flow.     

Airborne particulate material in Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (Mexico) by SEM and ICP-SFMS

Rainy season is known to ease the transport of particulate matter whether they are microorganisms or inorganic compounds. Regardless of their origin, these particles have a great environmental importance through their influence on physical processes such as ice nucleation and cloud droplet formation. Pathogenic airborne microorganisms may also have public health consequences. In this paper, we analyse particles from rainwater which were collected in Teflon pipes and then filtered in 0.45-μm pore diameter cellulose filters from six environmental monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley, State of Mexico, Mexico, during June and September of 2009 rainy season. The particulate material was treated with nitric and hydrochloric acid in a microwave reactor to homogenise samples and to determine the polluting elements through inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry analyses. At the same time, blank filters were analysed by scanning electron microscopy followed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to observe their morphology and to identify their chemical composition. The enrichment factor of the main metals was evaluated.     

Effects of greenbelt plant configuration on atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing

High atmospheric PM2.5 concentrations are a major problem associated with air pollution in Beijing due to their frequent occurrence and harmful effects. The construction of greenbelts beginning in 2000 has altered the surface structure of the area between 4th ring road and 6th ring road; wind speed, which strongly influences the atmospheric PM2.5 content, has decreased simultaneously during this period. Here, we estimated the effects of different plant configurations on wind speed and dust retention in Beijing. We recommend configuring rough bushy shrub-grass in the northwest, west, and north; grass and rough bushy shrub-grass in the north, east, and southeast; and rough bushy shrub-grass and arbor-shrub-grass in the southwest and northeast. As vegetation types and planting methods influence the ability of shrub-grass and arbor-shrub-grass to block wind and dust, we recommend increasing planting density and introducing plants with hairy leaves and exuberant foliage.     

过敏症状儿童室内PM_(2.5)对小鼠巨噬细胞的氧化损伤及VE的抗氧化保护作用研究

越来越多的研究提示,主要空气污染物PM_(2.5)暴露浓度的升高与儿童过敏性疾病的发病率有着密切的关系,然而PM_(2.5)暴露与过敏性疾病之间的关联尚未完全阐明。为探究患有过敏症状儿童的室内PM_(2.5)对小鼠巨噬细胞的氧化损伤作用以及维生素E(vitamin E,VE)的抗氧化保护作用,从5户患有1种或1种以上的过敏性症状(如过敏性鼻炎、哮喘)儿童的室内采集PM_(2.5),分别考察了不同剂量PM_(2.5)暴露24 h后如何影响小鼠巨噬细胞的氧化应激水平,指标包括活性氧(ROS),还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),丙二醛(MDA),8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OH-dG),以及炎症因子水平,指标包括肿瘤坏死因子ɑ(TNF-ɑ),白介素8β(IL-8β)的影响。结果表明,200μg·mL~(-1)PM_(2.5)暴露组与对照组比较,细胞内ROS积累,出现脂质过氧化以及DNA损伤,并伴有炎症反应的发生,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);VE(50 mg·mL~(-1))+200μg·mL~(-1)PM_(2.5)组的ROS、MDA、8-OHdG、TNF-ɑ、IL-8β含量低于200μg·mL~(-1)PM_(2.5)组,GSH含量高于200μg·mL~(-1)PM_(2.5)组。较高剂量(200μg·mL~(-1))PM_(2.5)可诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞出现氧化损伤,VE在该应激过程中起着一定的保护作用。