Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理油田采油废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理生物难降解的采油废水的研究结果表明 ,Fenton氧化技术不但对采油废水中有机质有较好的去除率 ,而且大大地改善了废水的可生化性 ,在H2 O2 的投加浓度和Fe2 + 与H2 O2 的摩尔比分别为10mmol/L和 0 .1的条件下 ,经过 30min氧化后可使废水BOD值由原来的 5mg/L上升至 4 0mg/L ;同时随着氧化时间的延长 ,废水中残余的有机物分子量逐渐降低。 30min氧化后的废水经过生物处理 ,其出水COD值为 10 2mg/L ,可以满足国家综合污水外排标准 ,经济分析结果表明 ,该技术处理采油废水的运行成本为 1 4 7元 /t。这一技术在解决石油行业采油废水的外排达标方面具有很好的应用前景。     

水汽源区变化对黄河中游降水稳定同位素的影响

利用黄河中游地区9个站点的降水同位素数据,分析其时空分布特征及环境效应,并模拟代表站点的气团运移轨迹,利用OLR技术研究水汽源区变化及输送过程对夏半年降水稳定同位素的影响。结果表明：δ¹⁸O有着较为明显的季节性变化规律,春夏较低,秋冬较高;空间分布则呈由东南向西北升高的趋势。大气降水线方程表现出明显的过渡性区位特征,降水量效应较为显著。水汽主要通过西北与东南两个水汽通道输送,东向水汽与青藏高原的热力、动力性质对流域的水源差异产生了较大影响。水汽源区变化与对流层中上部水汽含量场都与稳定同位素特征有着较强的对应关系,8、9月形成于西太平洋的热带辐合带（ITCZ）使东南季风成为夏季黄河中游地区主要的水汽输送通道。     

复杂地形空气污染预报模式的研究

本文依据一个同时包括地形、热力以及摩擦等因素在内的，能够较真实地反映复杂地形情况下，大气运动基本特征的近地层水平流场二维数值模式，将其扩展成三维模式。在此基础上，从平流扩散方程出发，建立了一个与上述流场相应的浓度场预报模式。经与实测值比较，该预报模式具有较好的可靠性和适用性     

长年关水稻田耕作改制的选择

试验研究表明,当早稻收获时间作晚稻才开始幼穗分化,即适宜早、晚稻出穗开花之间有60多天的时间,种植双杂间作稻就可获得好的收成,效果、效益都很显著。1992年用D 优287间汕优63,在达县永进乡的示范田中个别田块产量已达15t/ha,而盆地丘陵区适宜早、晚稻出穗开花之间的时间多数地区不到70天,种植双杂连作稻有困难。且双杂间作稻在抗灾增产,合理利用农村劳动力,提高稻田复种等方面优于双杂连作稻。因此,四川盆地丘陵区的中稻→冬水田在耕作改制中发展部分双杂间作稻是恰当的,其范围在巴中、盐亭、简阳一线以南海拔400m 以下的广大丘陵区。     

基于三角条块法的土体主、被动临界滑动场及土压力的计算

提出基于三角条块法的土体主、被动临界滑动场的数值模拟方法,并得到相应的土压力分布。首先,将土体划分为若干三角条块,引入带参数的条间力函数,建立土体极限平衡方程;然后,由最优控制理论得到一系列互不相交的临界滑动面,选定通过墙脚的临界滑动面,根据平衡方程求解格式,不断调整条间力函数中的参数,使土体满足力与力矩的平衡;最后,利用有限差分法,由墙面上各离散点的临界推力计算墙面上的土压力分布。数值计算结果表明,此方法适应性强,可计算任意倾斜角度的填土和墙体,且精度高、与现有解析解一致,可用于工程计算。     

Role of Alternative Electron Acceptors (AEA) to control methane flux from waterlogged paddy fields: Case studies in the southern part of West Bengal, India

The rice fields, depleted of O₂, contain large amount of moisture and organic substrates to provide an ideal anaerobic environment for methanogenesis and are one of the principal anthropogenic sources of methane. In order to mitigate this emission Alternative Electron Acceptors (AEA) were altered in the soil. The experiments were carried out in four seasons at the site of Balarampur, near Baruipur, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, namely September–December, 2005 (Cultivar: Sundari), February–May, 2006 (Cultivar: Sundari), September–December, 2006 and February–May, 2007 (Cultivar: Swarna-Pankaj). The seasonal average methane flux (Fe treated), for the cultivar type “Sundari” (season: September–December, 2005), is 4.41 t ha⁻¹, as compared to the value of 6.40 t ha⁻¹ for the untreated soil. Similarly for February–May, 2006, the seasonal average methane flux (Fe treated) is 5.52 t ha⁻¹, whereas the untreated flux is 5.69 t ha⁻¹. In the third and fourth seasons we had two treatments with Ammonium Thiosulphate and Ferric Hydroxide. The seasonal average methane flux (treatment: Ammonium Thiosulphate) is 4.35 t ha⁻¹ and 5.41 t ha⁻¹ respectively, whereas for the ferric hydroxide treated soil it is 4.35 t ha⁻¹ and 6.14 t ha⁻¹ respectively. The properties related to the nutrient quality of the harvested paddy seeds supplement these results.     

Development of a Quantitative Pasture Phosphorus Management Tool Using the SWAT Model1

Abstract: Assessment tools to evaluate phosphorus loss from agricultural lands allow conservation planners to evaluate the impact of management decisions on water quality. Available tools to predict phosphorus loss from agricultural fields are either: (1) qualitative indices with limited applicability to address offsite water quality standards, or (2) models which are prohibitively complex for application by most conservation planners. The purpose of this research was to develop a simple interface for a comprehensive hydrologic/water quality model to allow its usage by farmers and conservation planners. The Pasture Phosphorus Management (PPM) Calculator was developed to predict average annual phosphorus (P) losses from pastures under a variety of field conditions and management options. PPM Calculator is a vastly simplified interface for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model that requires no knowledge of SWAT by the user. PPM Calculator was validated using 33 months of data on four pasture fields in northwestern Arkansas. This tool has been extensively applied in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin in northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas. PPM Calculator allows conservation planners to take advantage of the predictive capacity of a comprehensive hydrologic water quality model typically reserved for use by hydrologists and engineers. This research demonstrates the applicability of existing water quality models in the development of user friendly P management tools.     

絮凝浮选剂PS-01的研究

为了提高油田采油（气）污水处理能力,胜利油田开发研制出新型絮凝浮选剂ＰＳ－０１,以聚合铝为主,配以常用的助凝剂二氧化硅气溶胶,工业用硫酸镁等,按比例混合在一起配置而成。在试验中将它们与油田内广泛使用的絮凝浮选剂ＳＧ－０１,ＪＸ－０１,ＮＡ－１等进行比较。结果表明：ＰＳ－０１絮凝浮选剂的原料来源广泛,合成工艺简单,易于操作;对采油（气）污水处理效果好,加药量少,处理成本低;应用的ｐＨ范围较宽,反应迅速,可缩短混合反应时间;适用性强,低温时效果不受影响;对投药设备的腐蚀性小,性质稳定,无沉淀产生;同时各种原料的不同配比对絮凝浮选效果影响很大,要控制好比例。     

废钻井液污染分析及处理方法的探讨

为解决废钻井液对周围环境的污染,介绍了废钻井液的成分及对环境的影响,分析了国内外废钻井液处理方法的优缺点,详细阐述了中原油田结合本单位情况,用无害化处理技术处理废钻井液的方法和效果。试验表明：无害化处理剂中的各组分与废钻井液中各污染因子发生化学和物理作用,经３～５个月固化后可以达到无害化处理的目的。分析认为：中原油田钻井废弃物无害化处理技术是切实可行的。     

电解法处理高含硫气田水

本文详细介绍了川南矿区含硫气田水电解法处理的试验情况，用自己研制的电解反应器对电解时间、pH值、电流密度等工艺条件进行了考察，提出了电解法处理含S~(2-)200mg／L的气田水的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明：该方法是成功的，它可以使气田水中硫化物的脱除率达99％以上，达到国家排放标准（GB8978—88：S~(2-)＜5mg／L）。该方法的主要特点是投加处理药剂少，操作简便，设备小型，占地面积小，特别适用于产水量不大的井站使用。