大型建筑构件在突发性事件中的抗火性能分析

针对地震、恐怖袭击等突发性事件引起的次生火灾对大型建筑的破坏特点,比较了大型建筑与普通建筑在结构抗火性能上的差异;利用轴向非均匀温度应力模型,对大型建筑构件的抗火性能与结构抗火计算进行了分析,疏理归纳出了部分性能特征;提出了一套用于这类火灾特点的构件抗火计算理论方法。     

氧化沟工艺处理城市污水的优化设计

文章主要介绍了氧化沟工艺的优化设计，对改良型卡罗塞尔（Carrousel）氧化沟的池型、工艺参数、核心设备进行了选型优化，并结合实例对改良型氧化沟技术的应用进行了较为全面的论述。     

The effect of olive mill wastewater on seed germination after various pretreatment techniques

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) management has been a major issue of environmental concern for olive oil producing countries. OMW can be a serious nuisance, when disposed of untreated, due to its significantly high organic load, its phytotoxic properties and its relatively low biodegradability. Field and plant irrigation with raw or pretreated OMW is an easy and relatively inexpensive method to treat and dispose of OMW. Typical pretreatment techniques could be comprised of phase separation through a settling basin, dilution with water, aeration to promote biological degradation and pH neutralization. A full factorial experimental design approach was used here to study the main effects and interactions of the above four pretreatment techniques on the germination of tomato and chicory seeds. Results of the study showed that the most statistically significant technique affecting OMW phytotoxicity is water dilution. The next most significant technique was aeration. In particular, phytotoxicity decreased with increased OMW dilution with water, when OMW was aerated and without pH adjustment. pH neutralization resulted in increased phytotoxicity. Settling did not significantly decrease the phytotoxicity of settled OMW and is therefore not considered necessary in an OMW management system in which plant irrigation is the goal. The interaction of aeration and pH was, marginally, the most significant two-way interaction for tomato seeds, while no interactions were significant when chicory seeds were used.     

玉米酒精废水的处理工艺与设计

针对酒精废水的COD高、温度高、SS高、pH低特点,主要介绍了酒精废水处理工艺路线和主要设计参数。采用高效MIC厌氧反应器和卡鲁塞尔氧化沟3000型,MIC有机负荷可达15kg CODCr/m3.d,CODCr去除率为85%以上,卡鲁塞尔氧化沟有机负荷为0.6kg CODCr/m3.d,CODCr去除率为93%以上,出水COD<150mg/L。厌氧所产生的沼气的回收价值抵去整个系统运行费用,每年可盈余1 300余万元。     

夹涤草堂旅游风景区资源开发与规划设计

在分析夹潦草堂旅游风景区背景要素和制约因素的基础上，遵循史学文化、知识、淳真自然的三大设计理念，采用圈层递进的总体布局构思，设计了7个主题区域的空间布局，开发出修学旅游、观光旅游、度假旅游、森林探险旅游等四大主导旅游产品。     

湖南大地景观安全规划及生态学效益分析——沿河两岸分级截流分散蓄水的治水模式

针对湖南近年来频繁发生严重水、旱灾害的实际，从综合分析湖南地质环境和水系现状入手，结合目前农村产业结构调整的方向和未来城市化进程中发展生态旅游业的需要，以优化湖南整体生态环境为目标，从大地景观安全和可持续发展的角度提出了沿河两岸分级截流分散蓄水的治水模式，详细分析了由此可能产生的景观生态学效益。     

A Simple Value-Distinction Approach Aids Transparency in Farm Animal Welfare Debate

Public debate on acceptable farm animal husbandry suffers from a confusion of tongues. To clarify positions of various stakeholder groups in their joint search for acceptable solutions, the concept of animal welfare was split up into three notions: no suffering, respect for intrinsic value, and non-appalling appearance of animals. This strategy was based on the hypothesis that multi-stakeholder solutions should be based on shared values rather than on compromises. The usefulness of such an artificial value distinction strategy was tested in a small series of experiments. The results demonstrate that the chosen concept to distinguish between values is effective in a stakeholder context. Farmers’ views on doing good to animals appeared to be largely based on their value to prevent suffering and predominantly focused on the provision of regular care. Their priority for this value is clearly shared with other stakeholders, providing a basis for joint solutions. The concept of intrinsic value does not play a discernable role in farmers’ considerations. Based on the varying views on welfare, it can be inferred that there is a gradual rather than a principal difference between government legislation and farmers’ values, whereas public perception and acceptance of farm practices remains complicated. Distinction between value groups and focusing on a selected notion (such as no suffering) proved to be effective in bringing representatives of stakeholder groups together, but is unlikely to bridge the emotional gap between commercial farm practices and public ideals.     

RESIDENTIAL WATER DEMAND: A POOLED,TIME SERIES,CROSS SECTION STUDY OF MALMÖ, SWEDEN1

Shortcoming associated with past water demand studies are evaluated. To overcome these shortcomings, pooled, time series, cross section data from -6, Sweden, are used in an ordinary Least squares analysis to estimate the demand for residential water. Elasticities for five variables, including price and income, are estimated. An approach for the conduct of future water demand studies is suggested.     

利用遗传算法进行软件可靠性增长模型参数估计

为解决利用传统数值方法估计软件可靠性增长模型参数值时存在的问题 ,笔者讨论了利用遗传算法进行求解的相关策略 ;提出了一种新的编码方式及变异算子 ;通过涉及多个模型的实验 ;采用实际数据 ,对所提出算法的效果与传统数值方法进行了对比。实验与对比分析结果显示 :该算法针对这些模型表现出了良好的普适性。     

直线电机轮轨交通系统安全性分析

直线电机轮轨系统采用直线感应电机牵引 ,轮轨系统支承导向 ,是一种在技术、经济、环保方面均具有良好性能的新型城市轨道交通系统。该系统有两种主要技术模式 ,均有良好的安全运营记录。笔者介绍了系统的性能和设计特点 ;从牵引制动系统、控制系统、管理系统、养护维修系统以及防灾系统 5个方面对系统的安全性设计方法进行了总结 ;认为该系统具有良好的安全性能 ,先进的安全管理理念以及健全的安全防护系统 ;特别强调对该系统进行的安全设计研究 ,将为提高我国城市轨道交通系统的安全性提供新的思路