浅谈建设项目施工期的环境管理

根据广州城市轨道交通施工期环境监理工作实践,总结了城市轨道交通环境监理方法及试点中存在的问题,提出了加强建设项目环境监理的建议。     

The Lyon-Turin High-Speed Rail: The Public Debate and Perception of Environmental Risk in Susa Valley,Italy

When the construction of the Lyon-Turin segment of the new European high-speed rail network was first publicly announced at the beginning of the 1990s, it immediately found fierce opposition from the inhabitants of Susa Valley, Italy, one of the areas to be cut across by such infrastructure. At issue were the project’s potential environmental impact and its consequences on public health. This study intends to clarify environmental risk perception and public debate between the national government, local advocacy groups, and the inhabitants of Susa Valley. Two major phases of public reaction were identified: (1) an initial rebellious period of no real dialog among the project’s major stakeholders (exemplified by the popular “No TAV” [No High Speed Train] movement), followed by (2) a yielding period of intense multilateral negotiations centered on the activities of the “Lyon-Turin Environmental Observatory.” The results of a qualitative cross analysis of the residents’ perception of the proposed high-speed rail revealed that public acceptance of risk in Susa Valley was influenced by the characteristics of hazards perceived by the residents and by the communicative approach used by the project’s various stakeholders. It also emerged that early dialog among all the parties involved was critical in forming a personal viewpoint on risk, which, once consolidated, defied new information and perspectives. Likely, a greater and earlier care taken by the other stakeholders to inform and consult the local population about the railway would have greatly eased the public debate.     

Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Audit in Large-Scale Public Infrastructure Construction: The Case of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway

Large-scale public infrastructure projects have featured in China’s modernization course since the early 1980s. During the early stages of China’s rapid economic development, public attention focused on the economic and social impact of high-profile construction projects. In recent years, however, we have seen a shift in public concern toward the environmental and ecological effects of such projects, and today governments are required to provide valid environmental impact assessments prior to allowing large-scale construction. The official requirement for the monitoring of environmental conditions has led to an increased number of debates in recent years regarding the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Governmental Environmental Audits (GEAs) as environmental safeguards in instances of large-scale construction. Although EIA and GEA are conducted by different institutions and have different goals and enforcement potential, these two practices can be closely related in terms of methodology. This article cites the construction of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway as an instance in which EIA and GEA offer complementary approaches to environmental impact management. This study concludes that the GEA approach can serve as an effective follow-up to the EIA and establishes that the EIA lays a base for conducting future GEAs. The relationship that emerges through a study of the Railway’s construction calls for more deliberate institutional arrangements and cooperation if the two practices are to be used in concert to optimal effect.     

养殖场沼气工程应用模式

介绍了厌氧发酵制沼气的技术、沼气的应用,及我国农村沼气发展模式,分析了养殖场沼气工程的应用模式以及沼气利用的市场前景。     

3D可视化石化装置安全管理系统的开发

本文介绍了3D可视化石化装置安全管理系统构成、功能和实验途径，该系统将三维激光扫描和GIS技术运用于石化行业，通过数据处理建立石化装置测绘级精度、全尺寸、全真实体的三维数字模型，并通过添加GIS信息和设备属性信息，实现石化装置5D可视化管理、分层管理、设备检维修和施工改造模拟、事故影响范围及应急救援最佳路径模拟、工作人员仿真培训等安全管理模块，为石化企业设备管理提供了新的技术平台。     

How economics can further the success of ecological restoration

Restoration scientists and practitioners have recently begun to include economic and social aspects in the design and investment decisions for restoration projects. With few exceptions, ecological restoration studies that include economics focus solely on evaluating costs of restoration projects. However, economic principles, tools, and instruments can be applied to a range of other factors that affect project success. We considered the relevance of applying economics to address 4 key challenges of ecological restoration: assessing social and economic benefits, estimating overall costs, project prioritization and selection, and long‐term financing of restoration programs. We found it is uncommon to consider all types of benefits (such as nonmarket values) and costs (such as transaction costs) in restoration programs. Total benefit of a restoration project can be estimated using market prices and various nonmarket valuation techniques. Total cost of a project can be estimated using methods based on property or land‐sale prices, such as hedonic pricing method and organizational surveys. Securing continuous (or long‐term) funding is also vital to accomplishing restoration goals and can be achieved by establishing synergy with existing programs, public–private partnerships, and financing through taxation.     

QBF法在污水处理场的应用研究

大港石化公司污水处理场废气处理装置采用QBF(Quick Bio Filter)法去除VOC(挥发性有机物)以及硫化氢等恶臭物质的二次污染治理问题,通过检测装置入、出口数据,计算其去除率并进行分析,实验结果表明,QBF法用于处理VOC切实可行,可作为污水处理场去除恶息的首先方法之一。     

航运工程对鱼类资源的影响及减缓措施研究——以黄河大峡库区航运工程为例

为避免和减轻航运工程对鱼类资源的影响,以黄河大峡库区航运工程为例,调查了黄河大峡库区航运工程河段内的鱼类资源现状,从施工期和运营期航运工程对鱼类的影响进行了全面地分析,并从工程和管理方面提出了具有针对性的鱼类保护对策,为其他航运工程的鱼类保护工作提供一些借鉴和参考。     

湖北省交通运输环境监测网络建设方案设计

湖北省交通运输环境监测工作发展远滞后于交通基础设施建设,不能对交通环保工作提供必要的技术支撑,交通运输环境监测网络亟须完善。结合湖北省实际情况,设计了湖北省交通运输环境监测网络建设方案,具体内容包括中心站升级完善、新建交通环境监测分站、新建在线环境监测系统、交通环境监测信息处理平台建设等四方面内容。网络的建设可实现交通建设项目全过程监测,为交通环保工作提供数据支持,以期为全国交通运输环境监测网络建设和交通运输行业环境监测工作提供有益的经验参考。     

环境保护管理实践下煤业资源重组整合项目的防治——以山西晋煤集团坪上煤业有限公司为例

本文以山西省晋城煤业集团资源整合项目坪上煤业为研究对象,阐述项目的背景和矿井整合前、整合后变化情况,根据本矿的具体实际情况从废气防治、废水防治、噪声防治、固体废物防治、生态恢复、五大方面进行分析和研究,提出环境保护方面的措施、要求及投产运行后的环境保护工作重点内容。建立健全、科学有效的环境管理体系从设计到生产将环境保护工作做好。