Assessment of the Usefulness of Semipermeable Membrane Devices for Long-Term Watershed Monitoring in an Urban Slough System

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1) measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2–5 μg/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation, may be optimum for the conditions encountered here.     

苏玛罐采样-GC-FID/MS同时测定环境空气中多种VOCs

采用苏玛罐采样-大气预浓缩仪结合气相冷柱箱与Deans Switch中心切割技术,将C2～C3组分切割至HP-PLOT/Q+PT柱,用FID检测器分析,其余组分通过DB-1柱子分离后进入质谱分析,实现1次进样同时测定环境空气中57种PAMS和65种TO-15.结果表明:108种VOCs在0.15 nmol/mol～8....     

难降解有机物生物抑制特性的研究

对杂环化合物及多环芳烃的好氧生物降解抑制特性研究结果表明：咔唑、联苯等５种物质具有类似的抑制特性,表现在急性持久抑制及抑制强度大２方面,其抑制机理为不逆抑制;喹啉、吲哚等５种物质在高浓度时对苯酚的降解产生明显的初期抑制,历经诱导期,恢复期,最后进入正常降解期,其抑制机理为可逆抑制,萘的抑制属于竞争性抑制范畴。     

萃取/薄层色谱分离/闪烁记数法分析丁基锡化合物

为了应用同位素示踪技术研究了三丁基锡化合物在环境中的迁移转化规律,建立了萃取／薄层色谱分离／闪烁记数法分析＾１４Ｃ标记丁基锡的方法,研究了薄层色谱分离条件以及影响因素,首次测定了＾１４Ｃ标记三丁基锡在水、底泥、生物等环境样品中的回收率。     

硝基芳族化合物对江水细菌的毒性及QSAR研究

采用细菌生长抑制实验,测定了２４种硝莽主族化合物对松花江水中细菌的毒性,得到２４ｈ－ＩＣ５０值,并选用５种物理化学参数ｌｇＰ、＾１Ｘ＾ｖ、Ｉ、∑σ＾－、ＥＬＵＭＯ对毒性数据进行量结构活性关系研究。     

处理焦化废水中难生物降解的有机毒物的研究

研究了Fenton试剂(H₂O₂+Fe2+)在紫外光(UV)幅照下,氧化处理焦化废水中难被生物降解的有机毒物的可行性,并对反应条件进行了优化,结果表明此法对焦化废水中包括多环芳烃(PAH)的所有有机毒物都有较强的去除能力。但如何降低处理费用,有待进一步工作。      

北大园区室内挥发性有机物(VOCs)的研究

1997年3~5月,对北京大学校园区内多处师生住所及公共场所室内空气中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了调查研究。结果表明,大多数房屋内总VOCs浓度在220~2000μg/m3范围内;通风条件、季节变化、人为活动对室内VOCs浓度水平起着重要影响。室外空气质量也直接影响着室内VOCs浓度高低:室内多种芳香烃和烷烃主要来自于室外汽车尾气的排放,其贡献率为76%~92%。      

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Chlorovinylannes (Lewisites) were produced and handled during WW I and WW II as chemical warfare agents. Residues of these cwa and their metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of chlorovinylarsines (Lewisites) and their metabolites is shown. Lewisite II and Lewisite III, but not Lewisite I and the metabolites of Lewisite I and Lewisite II can be detected and determined using GC/ECD. After derivatization with thiols, the sum of Lewisite I or Lewisite II and their metabolites are detected. With the proper selection of the thiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

ClO2氧化,混凝沉降法处理煤气洗涤水的研究

根据煤气洗涤水的性质,用ClO2 氧化除酚,SL和PAM混凝沉降除悬浮物的方法处理煤气洗涤水。实验结果表明,经处理后废水中的主要污染物酚、焦油和悬浮物等去除率都很高,该水完全可以满足回用要求。     

土壤中硒酸盐还原作用与硝酸盐脱氮化作用的相关关系

在查明土壤中硒酸盐还原作用与硝酸盐脱氮化作用的相关关系,在不同类型土－水系统中,加入一定量的ＫＮＯ３和ＮａＳｅＯ４溶液,观察ＮＯ＾－３和ＳｅＯ＾２－４的化学形态转变过程。实验结果表明,硒酸盐的还原作用和硝酸盐的脱氮化作用在时空变化上具有一致性。