鞍山市倪家台地热田水化学特征及其演化机制

水化学分析结果表明,鞍山市倪家台地下热水属于HCO3.SO4-Na和SO4.HCO3-Na型水,且含有氟、锶和二氧化硅等多种矿物成分.由构建的硅-焓混合模型得出倪家台地区地下热水已有大量冷水混入,且混入比例介于67%—83%之间,水温下降的诱因是该区域过量开采地热水,在这种人为的长期干扰作用下,增大了上部含水层冷水对下部地热水的补给量,对今后可持续利用该区域地热资源构成了严重的威胁.     

类固醇类内分泌干扰物羟基衍生化条件的优化

以N-甲基-N-三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺(MSTFA)为衍生化试剂,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)系统研究了4种类固醇类内分泌干扰物雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)、17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的羟基衍生化,主要考察了MSTFA用量、衍生化温度、衍生化时间对类固醇类内分泌干扰物衍生化效果的影响以及衍生化产物的稳定性、标准曲线、仪器检出限等.结果表明:100μl浓度为0.01μg.μl-1的标准混合溶液,MSTFA的最佳用量为20μl;最佳衍生化条件为70℃下反应30min;衍生化产物的稳定性较好,在-20℃下放置48h,相对响应因子(RRF)基本没有降低;在优化的实验条件下,各待测物具有良好的线性相关性,E1和E2的仪器检出限为0.1pg.μl-1,EE2和E3的仪器检出限为1pg.μl-1.     

乡镇工业职业卫生服务与初级卫生保健相结合初探

针对我国乡镇工业职业卫生面临的“高需求、低服务”。以及与农村初级卫生保健(PHC)相脱节问题。提出实施乡镇企业职业卫生与PHC相结合的必要性和迫切性。结合WHO职业卫生合作中心(上海)在华东地区的试点探索,提出两者结合的内容和方式的若干设想,强调从更新观念全面认识PHC和把职业卫生与安全作为PHC组成部分入手,深入实践,共同为卫生部领导下的全国性探索作贡献。     

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST1

ABSTRACT. The water resources manager, concerned with providing for citizen needs for water in all its varied aspects, is obliged to consider the public interest in his decision making. But the public interest, although inferring the superiority of public over purely private interests, is more of a concept of political ethics than an operational objective. Recent attacks on water resources developments place in question just how responsive the water resources manager has been to the public at large during the planning process. The recent broadening of planning objectives beyond economic efficiency to include greater attention to social goals is an encouraging development. Efforts should be expanded toward greater citizen participation and more attention should be given to sampling surveys to determine citizen attitudes on water resources proposals. In the last analysis, the decision-making process must combine the expertise of the water resources manager and the participation of the people through the political process.     

Forest Perception and Knowledge of Hikers and Mountain Bikers in Two Different Areas in Northwestern Switzerland

Recreational activities can have major impacts on vegetation and wildlife in frequently visited forests. We assessed forest perception and knowledge (state, functions, and species diversity) among hikers and mountain bikers in a frequently visited, seminatural suburban recreation forest (Muttenz) and in a more distantly situated, naturally grown excursion forest (Wasserfallen) in northwestern Switzerland. In all, 239 hikers and 126 mountain bikers were interviewed. Mountain bikers in both forests and hikers in the more intensely used recreation forest at Muttenz assessed the state of the forest less optimistically and showed a higher awareness of the negative impact of recreational activities on the flora and fauna than hikers at Wasserfallen. Furthermore, mountain bikers seemed aware of the social conflicts caused by their activity, since they appreciated neutral or positive encounters with other forest visitors. In contrast, 57% of hikers at Muttenz reported on negative experiences with other forest visitors, particularly with mountain bikers. In general, the interviewees ecological and biological forest knowledge (forest type and function, species diversity) was rather high. A large proportion was aware of the pros and cons of different forest conditions for plants and animals, and could name or recognize at least some plant and/or animal species typical for the visited forest. The forest knowledge was neither influenced by the type of recreational activity carried out nor by any aspect of forest visit behavior (frequency and duration of forest visits, means of transportation and travel distance to forest). However, the interviewees forest knowledge was influenced by their age and educational level.     

关于改善石家庄市空气质量的建议

针对电力和供热导致石家庄市空气污染严重的问题，结合该市目前的电力和供热现状，提出了减少污染的措施及建议，希望对改善该市空气质量起到促进作用。     

燃烧法处理酚醛废水的试验

论述了燃烧法处理高浓度含苯酚,甲醛废水的原理及技术方法。该法一次性投资代,占地少,操作简单,运作费用低。去除效果明显,同时为回收废水中酚醛的技术留有余地,具有良好的推广应用前景．     

碳酸锶生产中锶盐废渣的危险特性分析

采集西南某碳酸锶生产企业不同年份下碳酸锶生产过程中产生的锶盐废渣(下称“锶渣”),分析其重金属浓度、浸出浓度及遇酸反应生成的H₂S浓度,研究锶渣的危险特性。结果表明:锶渣中Sr浓度最高,最大值为175 000 mg/kg,均值为112 000 mg/kg;其次是Ba浓度,最大值和均值分别为6 020和3 420 mg/kg;其他重金属如As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Be和Cd浓度均低于100 mg/kg;锶渣中Sr的浸出浓度最高,其最大值和均值分别为360和180 mg/L,Ba、Pb和As的浸出浓度均较低;锶渣中的硫化物遇酸反应生成H₂S,其浓度均值为0.23 mg/kg,最大值为0.45 mg/kg;锶渣中重金属的浸出浓度和遇酸生成H₂S的浓度总体上随着堆存时间延长而降低。     

环境物探技术在岩溶勘察中的应用及其效果

将高密度电阻率法及工程地震映像法两种环境物探技术同时应用于实际的地质灾害(岩溶)勘察中,结果表明:对于岩溶这样的地质灾害,单一环境物探技术虽然能清楚反映其埋深、规模和发育情况,但各有缺陷。而多种环境物探技术的综合使用,相互补充,将能大大提高岩溶勘察的准确性,提高勘察效果和效率。     

The interethnic differences of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism analysed by a quantitative and a qualitative method †

The polymorphism of the human serum paraoxonase¹ was analyzed by two distinguished methods in six different ethnic groups (Caucasians, Mongoloids, Negroids), using (1) the Computer Method² and (2) the Carro‐Ciampi Method³‘⁴. Analysis of the response of the enzyme activities to salts resulting in low and high activity ratios.

Comparison of the results:

In Caucasians we distinguished three phenotypes by the Computer method. The polymorphism was governed by two alleles. The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐allele model was valid. Individuals belonging to the homozygotic group with low activity had a low activity ratio (Carro‐Ciampi method). With both methods a frequency between 57% and 61% was observed for this group. Individuals with medium and high activity had a high activity ratio.

In Negroids and Mongoloids samples we found (by the Computer method) a low activity group (Ghanaians 9.6%, Jamaicans 13.6%, Indonesians 6.7%, Koreans 19.6%). The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐ or three‐allele model was not valid. Individuals belonging to the low activity group had a low activity ratio, all individuals with higher activity a high activity ratio (Carro‐Ciampi method).

Our results suggest that the members of the low activity group in the three races are homozygote for an identical allele.