气幕隔尘法在电炉屋顶烟罩排烟系统中的应用分析

通常电炉加料和出钢时的烟气均通过屋顶烟罩捕集,但使用效果不够理想。为提高屋顶烟罩的捕集效率,节省大规模排烟量和风机能耗,提出更加经济的气幕隔尘法用于辅助电炉屋顶烟罩排烟。即在屋顶烟罩底部形成一个无形透明的屏障,以阻止电炉加料或出钢时的向上烟气不因车间横向气流的干扰而向屋顶烟罩外扩散。结合工程项目分析了气幕隔尘新技术的应用前景。     

组合流反应器启动运行试验

以含氮磷的模拟生活污水为处理对象,对自行设计的推流、折流与完全混合流的组合流动反应器进行启动试验研究。试验分为两个部分,首先对普通活性污泥进行驯化培养,然后将驯化好的活性污泥移到组合流反应器内,加入污水进行连续启动运行。试验连续运行30 d,结果表明在启动运行后期,COD、TP、氨氮的去除率分别达85%、80%及70%以上,好氧区硝态氮的累积率稳定在28 mg/L,说明组合流反应器启动成功。     

Thermogravimetric coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis study on thermal treatment of monopotassium phosphate residue

In China, safe disposal of hazardous waste is more and more a necessity, urged by rapid economic development. The pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of a residue from producing monopotassium phosphate (monopotassium phosphate residue), considered as a hazardous waste, were studied using a thermogravimetric, coupled with Fourier transform infrared analyzer (TG-FTIR). Both pyrolysis and combustion runs can be subdivided into three stages: drying, thermal decomposition, and final devolatilization. The average weight loss rate during fast thermal decomposition stage in pyrolysis is higher than combustion. Acetic acid, methane, pentane, (acetyl) cyclopropane, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, CO, and CO₂ were distinguished in the pyrolysis process, while CO₂ was the dominant combustion product.     

桂西北扶贫产业--蔬菜冬季设施栽培的探讨

在桂西北冬季和早春露地栽培辣椒、黄瓜较困难的情况下,利用设施栽培早熟蔬菜比一般露地栽培提早上市３０天～４５天,产量达３７５万ｋｇ／ｈａ,获得了较好的经济效益,可作为异地扶贫回收资金较快的支柱产业之一     

一种耐酚菌种及其固定化细胞降解含酚废水性能的比较研究

通过对土壤及污水的采样、分离、纯化,得到了一种降解苯酚的菌种,经过一系列驯化实验,使其苯酚耐受能力达915 mg/L。在此基础上,利用正交实验,确定了该菌种固定化细胞制备的最优操作条件。之后,对游离细胞和固定化细胞的降解苯酚过程进行了动力学分析与比较。结果表明,2种类型细胞的降解苯酚过程均符合Monod模型,并且固定化细胞的降解效果明显高于游离细胞。      

An individual-based stochastic hazard model of eastern king prawn (Melicertus plebejus) migration with spatially and temporally varying fishing effort

This paper describes an individual-based stochastic model of eastern king prawn migration along the eastern Australian coast. Migration is treated as one-dimensional diffusion with drift. Capture of a prawn is seen as a failure event driven by movement through a spatially and temporally variable fishing mortality hazard. This hazard is combined with a uniform natural mortality hazard. We use a Monte Carlo method to estimate parameters by comparing expected numbers of tag-returns predicted from the model with previously published tag-release data. As the previous study used a discrete compartmental model, with compartments corresponding to zones of constant fishing effort, we used the same zones and fishing effort in our comparison. The marginal distribution of yield in each zone per single recruit is determined, providing more information compared with the deterministic approach to yield-per-recruit. Using our model we also derive the constant fishing mortality rate equivalent to a spatially variable fishing mortality rate in its impact on the proportion of prawns surviving the migration to reach spawning grounds. Determination of this proportion could contribute significantly to a sustainability assessment of the fishery. It is demonstrated using the AIC that better fits to the data of the previous study and greater parsimony are obtained using our model than were found in the deterministic compartmental analysis of that study. This improvement results from the ability of our model to account separately for average speed of movement and average dispersal rate, whereas in the previous deterministic compartmental model, movement is governed by just one parameter. Our individual-based model includes a parameter that explicitly accounts for dispersal of prawns in migration, so it can distinguish between speed effects and dispersal effects in the data. It also models both types of mortality as processes distinct from those of movement. This enables it to better separate movement and mortality effects compared to the compartmental approach, in which movement and mortality are treated as similar departure processes from a compartment. This separation reduces confounding of movement and mortality effects when parameters are estimated.     

Simulating dynamics of managed monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in south China

The forest succession model FORDYN is developed based on TREEDEV model. TREEDEV is a process-based tree growth model, that calculates tree growth based on carbon and nitrogen balance, and is calculated using on the photo-production of leaves, respiration, nitrogen content of all organisms and that in soil, and other losses due to respiration, litter and renewal of stems, branches, leaves and roots. In the FORDYN model succession is divided into three phases called early, middle and late succession, and the transition between these three succession phases is distinguished by a difference in leaf area index. As a verification of the model we used the characteristics and available data of a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DHS-BR). The model was validated with natural forest data. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed in which 30 independent variables were varied and analyzed in connection with their influence on 16 dependent variables describing forest conditions. The simulation results describe the changes in total biomass, carbon and nitrogen change in plant–litter–soil system of an undisturbed monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest during succession. We compared these findings with simulation in which different logging management strategies were used. The results show that having a longer logging cycle, delaying the first logging time and a smaller logging fraction the scenario can contribute to a sustainable forest development, while still having a positive economic yield.     

土壤动物在污染评价中的作用、现行指标及胁迫环境下的耐受性

土壤污染的动物评价方法需要改进与创新.论文从土壤动物功能群的生物学特性、生活习性及其在土壤养分循环中的作用等方面,综述了土壤动物在土壤污染评价中的应用;介绍了目前国际上通用的土壤动物评价指标和使用方法,包括种群特征、群落结构和生态区域模型;联系土壤污染状况和趋势,阐述了土壤动物对污染胁迫的耐受性及其对现行土壤污染评价方法的影响,并在可塑型适应和组成型适应上探讨了土壤动物耐受性产生的遗传学机理与生物学指标.     

2016～2020年成都市控制PM2.5和O3-8h污染的健康效益评价

细颗物(PM_2.5)和臭氧是我国主要的大气污染物,严重危害人群健康.为评估成都市大气污染防治行动实施期间PM_2.5和臭氧对人群健康的影响,首先,利用流行病学中的广义相加模型和非线性分布滞后模型估算了2014～2016年成都市PM_2.5和臭氧最大8 h滑动平均(O_3-8h)浓度变化对居民疾病死亡影响的暴露-反应关系系数(β),在此基础上,采用环境风险和环境价值评估法估算2016～2020年成都市PM_2.5和O_3-8h浓度暴露水平变化的健康收益.结果表明：(1)2016～2020年成都市的ρ(PM_2.5)年均值呈逐年下降趋势,从63μg·m^-3降至40.92μg·m^-3,年均下降率约为10.14%;与之相反,ρ(O_3-8h)年均值从155μg·m^-3升至169μg·m^-3,年均增长率约为2.23%.(2)成都市PM_2.5...     

太子河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群与环境要素的关系

根据2009年8月太子河流域野外调查数据,分析了大型底栖动物的5个主要功能摄食类群的组成,包括直接收集者(gc)、捕食者(pr)、过滤收集者(fc)、撕食者(sh)和刮食者(sc),研究结果表明,太子河大型底栖动物以gc为主,占底栖动物总个体数的85.5%,其次为fc、sh、sc和pr,分别占总个体数的6.0%、3.0%、5.5%和0.0%,并且gc对人为干扰的耐受性较强,pr、sh、sc对环境条件变化较为敏感.通过5种功能摄食类群的相对丰度与水质因子相关分析,分析结果表明,海拔、水温、电导率、总氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮与gc相关性较大;而海拔、水温、电导率、pH值、总氮、亚硝态氮与pr、sc和sh相关性较大.将土地利用格局与5种功能摄食类群进行逐步回归分析,结果表明,农田和河滩对gc影响显著;而农田对pr、sc和sh影响显著.