活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团对吸附甲醛的影响

利用Bothem滴定法测定了化学浸渍处理的活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团浓度,研究表面酸性含氧官能团对甲醛吸附的效应。结果表明,HNO3浸渍处理能有效增大活性炭表面的羧基、酚羟基和内酯基浓度;H2O2浸渍处理主要增大了活性炭表面的酚羟基浓度;随着NaOH浓度的增大,活性炭表面的酚羟基、内酯基和羰基浓度大致呈先增大后减小的趋势,这是由于NaOH的化学清洗作用和酸碱中和反应所致;HNO3浸渍处理的活性炭表面的酸性含氧官能团浓度显著超过NaOH、H2O2浸渍处理的活性炭,而30%(质量分数)NaOH浸渍处理的活性炭和30%(体积分数)H2O2浸渍处理的活性炭吸附甲醛的饱和时间比HNO3浸渍处理的活性炭吸附甲醛最大饱和时间分别多4.0、1.5 h,说明酚羟基能够显著影响活性炭吸附甲醛的效果。     

基于管理者认知调查下的土地指标配置分析

土地指标配置管理,在特定历史阶段的确对耕地资源配置起到一定保护作用.然而,伴随工业化、城市化以及市场化的迅速推进,源于计划体制下的指标体系不断遭受现实挑战.本文基于三省两市的现实调查,从管理者的视角评价现行土地指标调控绩效,进而探讨指标配置交易的真实意愿.结果表明:其一,统计结果表明,80.33％的被调查人员认可现行土地指标调控绩效,但指标交易在区域性、类型或性质、规模和价格等方面差异较大;其二,交易意愿调查显示,92.27％的被调查者明确表示耕地和建设用地都需要异地交易,并且大都选择获得更多发展型指标支撑经济发展、规避保护型指标约束的策略;其三,分析比较发现,虽然各方指标交易意愿在现实中很难达到均衡,但是土地政策调整对保护型指标交易意愿变化具有显著影响,两对发展型指标交易意愿变化影响相对较小,隐含的政策含义是,指标配置交易机制的建设和完善,对发展型指标配置效率提升具有重要意义.     

双极膜电渗析法回收丙烯酸丁酯废水中的有机酸

采用三隔室型双极膜电渗析装置将丙烯酸丁酯废水中的丙烯酸钠和对甲基苯磺酸钠转化为丙烯酸和对甲基苯磺酸并回收有机酸溶液,研究了料室与酸室初始溶液体积比对转化过程的影响.实验结果表明:当料室与酸室初始溶液体积比为5时,回收的有机酸溶液中丙烯酸和对甲基苯磺酸的质量浓度分别达161.5 g/L和25.0 g/L;整个电渗析过程的...     

下排气旋风分离器结构优化研究

下排气旋风分离器是一种新型的气固分离装置,但存在对细颗粒夹带严重,导致细颗粒分离效率稍低的现象.采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和拉格朗日坐标系下的离散相模型,对75 t/h循环流化床锅炉的下排气旋风分离器的气固两相流动进行数值研究并提出结构优化措施.结果表明,下排气旋风分离器进口改为减缩型、排气管位置下移并采用圆台入口,对...     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

介绍一种湿法脱硫废水处理方法

介绍了一种有效处理高氟脱硫废水的新技术--"F-Ca二阶段沉淀法",并以广东国华粤电台山发电有限公司脱硫废水处理工程为例,对各药剂的投加量和最终处理效果进行了探讨.      

屏蔽室环境工况对传导骚扰测量的影响

建立工况可调屏蔽室：安装恒温恒湿系统,实现温度在（10～35）℃连续可调、测量空间温度场均匀度和最大波动均〈10℃,湿度控制在（30～60）％范围。利用工况可调屏蔽室,研究温湿度对传导骚扰测试结果的影响：选取电动工具、空调（变频、定频）、除湿机等产品,研究不同产品传导骚扰电压与谐波随环境温湿度的变化规律,发现骚扰电压和谐波测量值随环境温度的变化有很大的不同,试验证明这些产品的传导骚扰电压和谐波测量值明显随着环境温度而变化。研究结果对提高,实验室电磁兼容测试水平具有良好的实用价值,对于相关标准的制修订具有参考价值。     

水平管分层流下微孔泄漏特性数值模拟和实验分析

在油气田开发过程中,通常采用气液相混输模式,管道受腐蚀等因素影响容易出现穿孔而发生两相流泄漏。为分析两相流泄漏特性,对管内常见流型分层流下的微孔泄漏特性进行数值和实验分析;采用VOF耦合Level set算法分析了不同影响因素下的气液两相泄漏特性,设计了1种管道泄漏收集装置,进行室内两相流泄漏实验,并验证了数值预测模型的准确性。研究结果表明:气液两相流经过管壁泄漏口时会发生相分离,泄漏特性受小孔方位、管路内外压差、气液相流速影响较大;泄漏口位于管路侧壁时的泄漏特性与其他角度下的泄漏特性有所不同,可用泄漏影响区内的气液分布进行解释;当泄漏口位于管路底部时,存在临界液相分流系数,当液相分流比小于此临界值时,泄漏流体为单相液体。VOF耦合Level set算法的数值方法可为管路泄漏量预测和相分离特性分析提供参考。     

Building capacity through action research: reflections on working with low-carbon communities in the UK

This paper describes a four-year programme of “action research” (AR) undertaken with six communities in the UK, referred to as the Evaluating Low-Carbon Communities (EVALOC) project. The research combined a programme of research events with phased household-level monitoring of energy and carbon-reduction interventions. The carbon-reduction interventions were funded by the UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change prior to the onset of the research. AR has recently been adopted within the context of environmental behaviour change programmes in the UK, with a number of methodological challenges. The EVALOC project’s challenges included developing a collaborative research design; building reciprocity between the researchers and research participants; dealing with biases and burdens in the research process; ensuring analytical rigour in the interpretation of the primarily qualitative evidence and dealing with the long-term and process-driven outcomes that arise from such interactions. This paper explores and discusses the challenges of AR in relation to selected research outcomes from EVALOC. We conclude by suggesting that the AR approach has helped to build capacity in the participating low-carbon communities (LCCs), through supporting the design, delivery and evaluation of their energy and carbon-reduction activities.