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351.
Jelena Šuran Martina Prišć Dubravka Rašić Emil Srebočan Andreja Prevendar Crnić 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):147-152
The aim of this research was to assess the degree of heavy metal (cadmium, lead and mercury) contamination of wild boars from central Croatia and thereby conduct further tests to connect the contamination to oxidative stress occurrence. The highest cadmium concentration was noticed in the kidneys of older boars, the lead concentration was approximately the same in the liver and kidneys, but it was much higher than the concentration in the muscles, while the highest mercury concentration was measured in the kidneys of all wild boars. The correlation between the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the heavy metal concentrations was higher in tissue samples taken from younger animals (1 to 3 years of age) than in the tissue samples taken from older animals (5 to 6 years of age). In the kidneys of all wild boars there was a statistically significant connection between the MDA and cadmium concentration; in the kidneys of younger wild boars there was a statistically significant connection between the MDA and lead concentration. Further research on this topic should focus on MDA potential to find its use, not only as a contamination biomarker in the area of ecotoxicology, but also in the evaluation of the hygienic acceptability of animal products. 相似文献
352.
Total gaseous mercury (Hg) (TGM), gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM), and particulate-bound Hg (PBM) concentrations and dry depositions were measured at an urban site in central Taiwan. The concentrations were 6.14 ± 3.91 ng m−3, 332 ± 153, and 71.1 ± 46.1 pg m−3, respectively. These results demonstrate high Hg pollution at the ground level in Taiwan. A back trajectory plot shows the sources of the high TGM concentration were in the low atmosphere (<500 m) and approximately 50% of the air masses coming from upper troposphere (>500 m) were associated with low TGM concentrations. This finding implies that Hg is trapped in the low atmosphere and comes from local Hg emission sources. The conditional probability function (CPF) reveals that the plumes of high TGM concentrations come from the south and northwest of the site. The plume from the south comes from two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). However, no significant Hg point source is located to the northwest of the site; therefore, the plumes from the northwest are hypothesized to be related to the combustion of agricultural waste. Dry deposition fluxes of Hg measured at this site considerably exceeded those measured in North America. Overall, this area is regarded as a highly Hg contaminated area because of local Hg emission sources. 相似文献
353.
354.
Kaixuan Zheng Dong Xie Yiqi Tan Zhenjiang Zhuo Tan Chen Hongtao Wang Ying Yuan Junlong Huang Tianwei Sun Fangming Xu Yuecen Dong Ximing Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(11):131
355.
A systematic approach for the comparative assessment of stormwater pollutant removal potentials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper describes the development of a methodology to theoretically assess the stormwater pollutant removal performances of structural best management practices (BMPs). The method combines the categorisation of the relative importance of the primary removal processes within 15 different BMPs with an evaluation of the ability of each process to remove a pollutant in order to generate a value representing the pollutant removal potential for each BMP. The methodology is demonstrated by applying it separately to a set of general water quality indicators (total suspended solids, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, nitrates, phosphates and faecal coliforms) to produce a ranked list of BMP pollutant removal efficiencies. Given the limited amount of available monitoring data relating to the differential pollutant removal capabilities of BMPs, the resulting prioritization will support stakeholders in making urban drainage decisions from the perspective of pollutant removal. It can also provide inputs to existing urban hydrology models, which aim to predict the treatment performances of BMPs. The level of resilience of the proposed approach is tested using a sensitivity analysis and the limitations in terms of BMP design and application are discussed. 相似文献
356.
Elevated nitrate concentrations in streamwater are a major environmental management problem. While land use exerts a large control on stream nitrate, hydrology often plays an equally important role. To date, predictions of low-flow nitrate in ungauged watersheds have been poor because of the difficulty in describing the uniqueness of watershed hydrology over large areas. Clearly, hydrologic response varies depending on the states and stocks of water, flow pathways, and residence times. How to capture the dominant hydrological controls that combine with land use to define streamwater nitrate concentration is a major research challenge. This paper tests the new Hydrologic Landscape Regions (HLRs) watershed classification scheme of Wolock and others (Environmental Management 34:S71-S88, 2004) to address the question: Can HLRs be used as a way to predict low-flow nitrate? We also test a number of other indexes including inverse-distance weighting of land use and the well-known topographic index (TI) to address the question: How do other terrain and land use measures compare to HLR in terms of their ability to predict low-flow nitrate concentration? We test this for 76 watersheds in western Oregon using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program and Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program data. We found that HLRs did not significantly improve nitrate predictions beyond the standard TI and land-use metrics. Using TI and inverse-distance weighting did not improve nitrate predictions; the best models were the percentage land use—elevation models. We did, however, see an improvement of chloride predictions using HLRs, TI, and inverse-distance weighting; adding HLRs and TI significantly improved model predictions and the best models used inverse-distance weighting and elevation. One interesting result of this study is elevation consistently predicted nitrate better than TI or the hydrologic classification scheme. 相似文献
357.
以2008年南京北郊大气中O3 质量浓度观测资料和常规观测资料为基础,利用Matlab小波分析工具,对O3浓度的年时间序列进行分析,得出该地区的O3 日均浓度的变化特征:春、夏季节O3浓度大于秋、冬季节,最高浓度出现在春末夏初,最低浓度出现在冬季;并且全年共有5个突变点;弱高压的天气系统、较高的温度、较低的湿度和晴朗少云的天气是造成南京北郊O3浓度突变的主要气象因素。结合HYSPLIT气流后向轨迹模拟,对污染源来源进行追踪,结果表明:南京北郊O3高浓度污染来源主要分为本地局地污染和外来污染物输送两类;垂直方向上,O3的区域尺度或中尺度的输送主要稳定在混合层的底层。 相似文献
358.
以天津市2010年污染源普查数据中SO2、NOx及颗粒物排放数据以及各行业挥发性有机物调查核算数据为主要数据源,制作天津市大气污染物排放清单,用MM5模型模拟2010年天津市地区1、4、7、10月的气象场,通过CMAQ模型,设置不同计算情景,分析天津市ρ(O3)变化与NOx及挥发性有机物的排放量变化关系。结果表明,天津市的O3生成处于VOCs控制区,随着天津市NOx减排力度的不断加大,ρ(O3)可能呈上升趋势,在夏季,需要削减40%以上挥发性有机物,以避免ρ(O3)进一步上升。 相似文献
359.
排污许可证实施的监督管理探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
按照机制设计理论,提出了排污许可证实施监督管理的发展阶段,以及政府在不同阶段的关键作用。基于排污许可证行政许可的属性,归纳了不同层级政府监督管理的框架和内容,包括监督性监测、许可证执行监督和守法系统监控。从公众参与、政府和企业信息公开两个角度,总结了排污许可证实施的社会监督管理内容。 相似文献
360.
同位素技术在环境科学研究中的应用进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述了近年来同位素技术在国内外环境科学研究中的应用状况,简要介绍了同位素技术的应用原理与分析方法。总结了放射性同位素技术和稳定同位素技术在环境史重建、污染物示踪及源解析等方面的应用,重点介绍了稳定同位素技术在水、大气和土壤污染物源解析中的应用进展。对未来同位素技术在环境科学研究中的应用进行了展望,提出了多种同位素联合解析、建立和完善定量源解析模型等建议。 相似文献