Ecological selection of bacterial taxa with larger genome sizes in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons stress

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous priority pollutants that cause great damage to the natural environment and health. Average genome size in a community is critical for shedding light on microbiome’s functional response to pollution stress within an environment. Here, microcosms under different concentrations were performed to evaluate the selection of PAHs stress on the average genome size in a community. We found the distinct communities of significantly larger genome size w...     

Prices vs quantities with multiple pollutants

We examine the choice of policy instruments (price, quantity or a mix of the two) when two pollutants are regulated and firms' abatement costs are private information. Whether abatement efforts are complements or substitutes is key determining the choice of policies. When pollutants are complements, a mixed policy instrument with a tax on one pollutant and a quota on another is sometimes preferable even if the pollutants are identical in terms of benefits and costs of abatement. Yet, if they are substitutes, the mixed policy is dominated by taxes or quotas.     

An evidence of salinity impact on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes collected from the Messolonghi lagoon in Greece

The impact of salinity and water exchange rate on the accumulation of heavy metals in the benthic fish Zosterissesor ophiocephalus, collected from the shallow sublagoons Tholi and Paleopotamos, was studied. Both sublagoons are influenced by the intensive agricultural activity of the surrounding area in terms of the chemical substances’ drainage, and by the untreated sewage discharges of an urbanized area with Paleopotamos being affected in lesser extent. Paleopotamos is characterised by restricted water renovation, resulting to much higher salinity than Tholi. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals studied (Manganese, Zinc and Copper), reveals differences among the metals with females showing higher values. Specimens from Paleopotamos showed statistically significant higher bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in both sexes, which is attributed to the extremely high salinity of this sublagoon.     

煤矿立风井防爆门发展现状分析

煤矿风井防爆门是保护主通风机的重要安全设施。在本世纪以来的重大煤矿爆炸事故中,因风井防爆门设计缺陷造成事故扩大化的问题屡有发生,使得煤矿风井防爆门受到多方关注和重视,并获得快速革新和发展。梳理了国内外煤矿风井防爆门相关法规和标准的制订情况,分析了十多种典型煤矿立风井防爆门的结构、特点和防爆工作原理,介绍了相关理论和试验研究成果。在此基础上,着重分析指出了风井防爆门发展中存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的方向和思路。     

Inverse uncertainty characteristics of pollution source identification for river chemical spill incidents by stochastic analysis

Identifying source information after river chemical spill occurrences is critical for emergency responses. However, the inverse uncertainty characteristics of this kind of pollution source inversion problem have not yet been clearly elucidated. To fill this gap, stochastic analysis approaches, including a regional sensitivity analysis method, identifiability plot and perturbation methods, were employed to conduct an empirical investigation on generic inverse uncertainty characteristics under a well-accepted uncertainty analysis framework. Case studies based on field tracer experiments and synthetic numerical tracer experiments revealed several new rules. For example, the release load can be most easily inverted, and the source location is responsible for the largest uncertainty among the source parameters. The diffusion and convection processes are more sensitive than the dilution and pollutant attenuation processes to the optimization of objective functions in terms of structural uncertainty. The differences among the different objective functions are smaller for instantaneous release than for continuous release cases. Small monitoring errors affect the inversion results only slightly, which can be ignored in practice. Interestingly, the estimated values of the release location and time negatively deviate from the real values, and the extent is positively correlated with the relative size of the mixing zone to the objective river reach. These new findings improve decision making in emergency responses to sudden water pollution and guide the monitoring network design.

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成渝地区一次区域重污染过程来源解析及减排效果研究

基于嵌套网格空气质量预报模式(NAQPMS)及耦合的污染来源追踪模块模拟2017年12月16日至2018年1月3日成渝地区一次区域重污染过程,定量解析成渝地区主要城市PM2.5来源,评估过程中应急减排的成效。结果表明,天气静稳和风向辐合是造成此次重污染过程的重要因素,污染峰值阶段,成渝地区多个城市PM2.5日均质量浓度超过150μg/m3,达到重度污染级别。污染过程中,成都市PM2.5本地排放的贡献率为42%,眉山和德阳贡献率将近30%;重庆市PM2.5本地排放的贡献率为60%,外来输送以湖北、湖南和其他地区为主,贡献率为24%,成都和重庆市的工业源和交通源的贡献最大。区域联防联控应急减排对成渝各城市空气质量改善效果显著,成渝地区PM2.5浓度降低率为5%~11%,对于未实施应急预警方案的地区(如眉山市)受周边城市减排影响,浓度降低可达6%。     

秦皇岛市海水入侵现状及防治对策研究

海水入侵是一种严重的地质灾害,它可引起机井报废、土壤盐渍化、地下管线腐蚀等一系列生态环境问题。秦皇岛市自20世纪80年代开始,在沿海的石河、汤河、洋河、戴河等入海口以及昌黎县、抚宁县灌区,先后发生了海水入侵现象,且有范围越来越广、程度越来越重的趋势,给当地工农业生产带来了巨大影响。通过分析秦皇岛市海水入侵的原因,提出修建沿海防护工程是治理海水入侵的有效措施,合理开采地下水、节约用水、进行污水和雨水资源化、海水淡化等减少淡水开采或补充地下淡水层是解决海水入侵的根本措施。     

水质灰色预测模型在VBA中的实现

灰色预测是环境污染预测应用相当广泛的方法。根据文献报道,基于Matlab和Excel实现灰色预测中存在着占用内存、单元格填埋计算公式等等的不足,因此提出了一种基于VBA在Excel下编写宏程序轻松实现灰色预测的方法,并将其运用到北海市地表水污染物预测。结果表明,本程序简短,操作方便,计算结果准确可靠,彻底把用户从繁琐的手工操作中解放出来。     

国内外汞污染分布状况研究综述

汞污染在世界各地分布较广,美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲都出现了汞污染问题,甚至人迹稀少的北极也在受到汞污染的威胁。我国的汞污染主要集中于贵州、吉林、陕西、湖北、辽宁和重庆等地。目前国内外有关环境汞污染的研究主要是针对氯碱生产、金矿开采、燃煤电厂等汞污染源开展的,实际上汞污染源类型很多,因此环境汞污染状况十分令人堪忧。我国汞污染研究基本处于刚刚起步阶段,严重滞后于国际环境形势发展需要,今后除了应加强基础研究工作,还要对重要汞污染地区污染状况、机制、环境效应开展研究,以全面掌握我国汞污染的来源、汞污染源分布以及环境汞污染现状。     

流域农业面源污染动态监控系统的建立和运行

提出建立农业面源污染动态监控系统的技术构思,构筑了“辽宁省农业面源污染动态监控系统”的功能及运行机制的构架,阐述了推进此动态监控系统完善的研究方案与系统实施的保证措施。