Policing and polluting: The role of practices in contemporary urban environmental pollution governance

Over the past 30 years, urban environmental pollution governance has been increasingly influenced by ideas of New Public Management. However, there is increasing evidence that it is failing in its promise to deliver efficient and effective regulation. The critiques are mounting of risk-based approaches, where regulators are increasingly accountable for the costs (and benefits) of their interventions upon firms.There is a particular lack of research on the role of conduct and practices involved on the ‘front line’ of regulation. This constrains our ability to understand how more efficient effective urban environmental pollution control might develop. This paper focuses on the regulator field officers and business duty holders of environmental compliance, who have direct contact in the processes and administration of regulation. Applying theories of social practice to environmental regulation, the paper provides new insights into compliance and enforcement practices, as these workers seek to prevent pollution, remediate sites and manage waste. The analysis reveals disconnects between expectations of enforcing and managing compliance; and between practices of policing and polluting.Using an ethnographic-informed approach to understand the social practices of regulation has not been attempted in this way before. It reveals new insights into limitations of current approaches to regulation, and indicates interventions that could lead to improved compliance outcomes in a post-New Public Management era in urban pollution governance.     

杭州市区近五年环境空气污染现状浅析

本文首先对杭州市区近五年空气污染现状作了综述，然后采用Daniel趋势检验法、主要污染物污染分担率法对产生现状的原因进行分析，最后提出相应的防治对策。     

南安市石材加工业污染现状及对策

就南安市石材加工业的基本情况及对环境污染现状进行调查和综述，并提出防治对策。     

滇南地区农业环境及其优势农产品污染物含量状况浅析

对493个农业环境及优势农产品样品进行采样检测，除个别样品中的个别参数出现轻微超标外，其余均未超标，数据超标率仅0．3％，若按每个样品中一项参数出现超标即为不合格判定，则99．1％的环境样品，97．4％的农产品样品为合格。     

奎河水资源化工程采用水质指标的再讨论

分析了奎河水质变清含义、不同含义对奎河水质的要求，讨论了实现不同含义奎河水变清方案及其可行性和可靠性。作者认为，奎河水变清和全河道水质达标是一个很高的污染治理目标，需要通过对奎河污染控制系统的不断研究改进，水质指标的逐步提高才能逐渐逼近这一目标。     

桃浦河底泥COD_(Cr)和NH_3-N的分布特征浅析

根据上海市桃浦河的河道形态和地貌特征,共设计和采集了15个柱样,在对其进行CODCr、NH3-N系统测定分析的基础上,得出以下结论:(1)桃浦河底泥已受到严重污染,CODCr、NH3-N的平均含量分别超过参照标准值(CODCr9699.6mg/kg,NH3-N78.79mg/kg)1.1～10倍和1～5_8倍,污染最严重的是真大路桥到沪嘉高速公路段;其次是环镇北路桥到陈太路存瑞桥段,云岭东路桥到中科化工厂桥段,杨柳青路桥到北石路桥段。(2)垂直分布呈现由下而上污染加重的趋势,表明现代污染日趋严重。(3)不同河段污染程度出现差异主要与其所处周围环境的排污有关。(4)基于桃浦河底泥污染程度的不同,在底泥疏浚时应予以区别对待。     

略论排污税的可行性

针对有关改排污费为排污税的建议，提出排污税应采取国家出售排污权的形式由环境保护行政主管部门负责征管，并从排污税的特点、税率的制定及其与现行环境法律制度的关系等方面，说明排污税的可行性。     

Evaluation of dilute hydrochloric acid and acid ammonium oxalate as extractants for some heavy metals from Nile River sediments

The suitability of a 0.5 M HCl solution for extraction of Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn from Nile River sediments was evaluated by comparing its effectiveness with that of conventional acid ammonium oxalate (Tamm's solution) and aqua regia extraction solutions. The present study has shown that although the extraction data indicate that both 0.5 M HCl and acid ammonium oxalate solutions are able to extract heavy metals simultaneously from the adsorbed, organic, and precipitated phases of Nile sediments, the 0.5 M HCl solution is preferred. It provides a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive method of measuring environmentally mobile metal concentrations in the aquatic sediments. From an analytical chemistry point of view, the 0.5 M HCl extracts do not clog the atomizer of the spectrophotometer. Extraction with dilute HCl solution obviates the need to use chemicals, some of which are toxic or not available readily as a high-purity grade. A standard extraction method should be relatively simple, to conduct a routine analysis of large numbers of sediment samples, yet at the same time it should provide sufficient information for assessment of the environmental impact of particulate metals. Therefore, extraction with 0.5 M HCl solution is very suitable for heavy-metal pollution monitoring in the Nile River     

中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析

根据最新的水资源调查评价结果，分析了中国水资源的现状和特点：总量丰富，但人均占有量低；年内年际分配不匀，旱涝灾害频繁，水资源供需矛盾突出；地区分布不均，水土资源不相匹配；水资源利用率低，污染严重。在此基础上，分析了我国水资源安全目前存在的主要问题：水资源时空分布不均严重阻碍社会经济发展；水资源供需矛盾严重，水资源利用效率低下；水质危机导致水资源危机，生态环境恶化严重；水资源管理缺乏科学体制。认为21世纪中国的水资源矛盾将进一步加剧，我国必须进行大规模的改革和强有力的措施，包括节约用水，建立节水型工业，提高用水效率，加强水污染防治，引入市场机制，加强科技创新，树立可持续发展的思想，实行水资源的统一科学管理，维护我国的水资源安全，以缓解我国水资源的供需矛盾，实现经济和社会的可持续发展。     

苏中地区农村就业结构转换态势与机制分析

伴随着农村经济社会的巨大变迁，农村劳动力就业结构也发生了深刻变化。江苏苏中地区作为乡镇企业带动型发展的典型地区，其农村就业结构转换的态势在东部沿海地区具有代表性。该地区农村就业结构转换的总体态势是：第一产业就业比重不断降低，第二、三产业就业比重明显上升；农业剩余劳动力转移的主要渠道是第二产业就业；农村就业结构转换，是工业化、区域经济发展及其结构变动综合作用的结果。市场经济环境为农村剩余劳动力转移提供了基础平台，工业化是农村就业结构转换的原动力，城市与农村经济结构调整是农村就业结构转换的直接推动力。产业收入比较利益是促使农业剩余劳动力流动的根本动力。而与之相适应的政策措施是其顺利实现的重要保障。