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311.
312.
Dissolved organic matter effects on the performance of a barrier to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon transport by groundwater 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
In order to contain the movement of organic contaminants in groundwater, a subsurface sorption barrier consisting of sand or clay minerals coated with a cationic surfactant has been proposed. The effectiveness of such a sorption barrier might be affected by the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the groundwater. To study the impact of DOM on barrier performance, a series of batch experiments were performed by measuring naphthalene and phenanthrene sorption onto sand coated with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and bentonite coated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) in the presence of various concentrations of DOM. The overall soil-water distribution coefficient (K*) of naphthalene and phenanthrene onto CPC-coated sand decreased with increasing DOM concentration, whereas the K* of the compounds onto HDTMA-coated bentonite slightly increased with increasing DOM concentration. To describe the overall distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the systems, a competitive multiphase sorption (CMS) model was developed and compared with an overall mechanistic sorption (OMS) model. The modeling studies showed that while the OMS model did not explain the CPC-coated sand experimental results, a model that included competitive sorption between DOM and PAH did. The experimental results and the modeling study indicated that there was no apparent competition between DOM and PAH in the HDTMA-coated bentonite system, and indicated that in groundwater systems with high DOM, a barrier using HDTMA-coated bentonite might be more effective. 相似文献
313.
Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aged-contaminated soil using cyclodextrins: experimental study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Viglianti C Hanna K de Brauer C Germain P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(3):427-435
The removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil using water as flushing agent is relatively ineffective due to their low aqueous solubility. However, addition of cyclodextrin (CD) in washing solutions has been shown to increase the removal efficiency several times. Herein are investigated the effectiveness of cyclodextrin to remove PAH occurring in industrially aged-contaminated soil. Beta-cyclodextrin (BCD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) solutions were used for soil flushing in column test to evaluate some influent parameters that can significantly increase the removal efficiency. The process parameters chosen were CD concentration, ratio of washing solution volume to soil weight, and temperature of washing solution. These parameters were found to have a significant and almost linear effect on PAH removal from the contaminated soil, except the temperature where no significant enhancement in PAH extraction was observed for temperature range from 5 to 35 degrees C. The PAHs extraction enhancement factor compared to water was about 200. 相似文献
314.
Ecotoxicological responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to soil contaminated with HHCB 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although polycyclic musks have been shown to cause lethal and sub-lethal effects on organisms, their biochemical toxicity to earthworms is not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the responses of antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation after exposing Eisenia fetida to soil contaminated with 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyran (HHCB). Significant increase in lipid peroxidation level was observed on day 14 at two high concentrations, 50 and 100 mg kg−1. Among antioxidant enzymes, the primary response to chronic HHCB exposure can be attributed to superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Of the two enzymes, SOD exhibited more sensitive response to HHCB stress. In addition, these two enzymes could have a combined effect on fighting damage by reactive oxygen species, evidenced by a marked relationship between lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity. On the other hand, dose-dependent inhibition of peroxidase (POD) activity has been observed throughout the test. The results suggest that the variations in investigated parameters of E. fetida could be used as responsive biomarkers for oxidative stress caused by HHCB in a soil environment. 相似文献
315.
环境中合成麝香污染现状研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
合成麝香广泛分布于环境中,难降解,易生物富集,对水生生物和人体均呈现一定的生物毒性.综述了合成麝香在环境中的污染现状和分布特点,以及在水生生物和人体中的生物富集作用,并对合成麝香污染研究进行了展望. 相似文献
316.
串联四极杆质谱(GC-QqQ-MS/MS)测定土壤中的邻苯二甲酸酯与多环芳烃 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
建立了用微波萃取(MAE)、固相萃取(SPE)净化、气相色谱,串联四极杆质谱(GC-QqQ-MS/MS)多反应监测同时测定土壤中16种多环芳烃和18种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.通过优化前处理与分析条件,样品加标浓度在5μg/kg时的平均回收率在66.59%~122.07%之间,相对标准偏差均小于20%,邻苯二甲酸酯的检出限在0.04.0.84.ttg/kg之间.定量限在0.13~2.81μg/kg之间;多环芳烃的检出限在0.01~0.54μg/ks之间,定量限在0.02~1.81μS/kg之间,能够满足大量样品快速准确分析的需要. 相似文献
317.
黄河兰州段水环境中多环芳烃污染初步研究 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
2004年11月对黄河兰州段11个采样点的水样、悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)污染作了初步研究。调查结果显示,在此河段中,16种优先控制的PAHs均有检出,总PAHs浓度范围分别为水中,2920~6680ng/L;表层沉积物中,960~2940ng/g(干重);悬浮物中,4145~29090ng/g(干重);其中含量较高的是和芘,且分子量较小的PAHs所占的比例较大。来源分析结果显示,黄河兰州段水环境中PAHs的来源是燃烧源和石油源混合的结果,为混合输入型。用生物学阈值对表层沉积物质量进行评价,黄河兰州段表层沉积物的PAHs污染不算严重,偶尔会产生负面生态效应。 相似文献
318.
319.
320.
同步荧光光谱法测定环境水样中的多环芳烃 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了建立快速测定水体中多环芳烃的方法,用恒波长同步荧光法对14种多环芳烃混合标样进行了分析。在优化的实验条件下,对环境水样进行分析,可以鉴别出11种多环芳烃。14种PAHs在0~1000ng/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r均不小于0.9988,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.06%~1.67%之间(n=6)。14种PAHs的检出限在0.072~3.9ng/ml之间。该方法应用于污水、样河水样、池塘水样中的多环芳烃检测取得了良好的效果,回收率分别为82.2%~111.0%、86.0%~107.0%、88.0%~106.2%(n=5)。 相似文献