基于单片机甲烷浓度监测的研究

设计了一种基于单片机来实现的甲烷浓度检测和报警功能的系统,该检测系统以AT89S52单片机为核心,包括有电源电路、传感器采集电路、信号放大电路、红外遥控电路、声光报警电路、显示电路等功能模块组成,通过传感器采集电路采集信号,输出与甲烷浓度对应电压信号,把电压信号进行A/D转换后送入单片机,经单片机处理后驱动器显示出被测气体甲烷浓度值,若被测甲烷浓度大于报警电路预设数值,报警电路发出报警,可以及时切断供电系统,防止瓦斯爆炸事故的发生.该系统采用高精度敏感元件,集成运算放大器INA128,ADc0809,以及远距离高可靠性通信芯片,且具有高速的处理能力,是一种电路设计新颖,参数测量准确,操作方便的甲烷浓度报警监控系统,实现了数字瓦斯气体的实时监控.为实现数字化井下测控和可视化综合管理提供了切实可行的方案.     

松散煤体渗流传热试验装置研制

为研究松散煤体低温氧化及通风供氧下的渗流传热规律,研发了渗流传热试验装置。试验装置由气体加湿系统、气体加热系统、煤样反应系统、数据采集系统和安全保护系统组成;本装置可实现自动加湿、控温、自动采集数据及处理数据。为解决装置使用和运行中的安全问题,设计了断电保护、有害气体检测等措施,保障试验装置的安全、可靠。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

石化企业综合防雷技术探讨

分析了石化企业当前防雷工程中存在的问题,结合先进的防雷技术与产品,对防雷接地系统与接地、工程电子信号系统的防护提出一些改进意见。     

加氢站用45 MPa高压储氢瓶式容器火烧试验模拟*

为研究加氢站用高压储氢容器在火灾下的安全性能,采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对45 MPa高压储氢瓶式容器火烧试验过程进行模拟研究,结合气瓶火烧试验,分析高压储氢容器火灾下的热响应过程,研究不同因素对储氢容器压力泄放装置动作时间的影响。结果表明:613 s以内试验压力与模拟数据的最大相对误差为3.9%,模型误差在可接受范围;不同充装介质对安全泄放装置动作时间影响不大;不同充装压力对容器内介质压升速率影响较大,充装水平较高时压力泄放装置更快动作,较低的充装压力下容器内介质温升较快;不同环境温度对介质温升影响较小。     

新型矿用圆弧形薄壁防冲吸能装置屈曲特性数值分析*

为解决支架面对冲击地压产生的强冲作用容易失效、失稳的难题,针对现有矿用防冲吸能装置存在的不足,提出1种新型矿用圆弧形薄壁防冲吸能装置。采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟方法对新型防冲吸能装置与原有方形预折纹薄壁装置进行对比分析,同时研究新型防冲吸能装置在不同壁厚和不同轴向模块堆积个数情况下的屈曲特性。结果表明:圆弧形薄壁装置相比于方形折纹薄壁装置在相同厚度情况下其总吸能提升近20%,比吸能提高63%,装置防冲优势明显;在装置高度不变的情况下增加模块轴向堆积个数可有效降低压溃峰值荷载、荷载波动系数,增加平均压溃荷载;随着装置薄壁厚度降低,压溃峰值荷载、压溃平均荷载、总吸能与比吸能均降低,荷载波动系数增加,曲线波动性变大。     

生物接触氧化+植物一体化装置处理小城镇污水试验研究

利用“生物接触氧化+植物”一体化装置处理城镇污水,试验最终选用悬浮多面球作填料,采用射流曝气,控制进水流量为0.45 m3/h,进水浓度为COD 63～467 mg/L、NH3-N 11.21～52.7 mg/L、TN 28.6 ～63.5mg/L和TP １.1～6.42 mg/L时,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到88％、86％、70％、60％以上,出水COD≤30 mg/L,NH3-N≤5 mg/L、TN≤13 mg/L、TP≤0.5 mg/L.水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,具有较好的工程应用前景.     

智能型防碰天车装置的安全可靠性分析

针对目前油田钻井现场使用的智能型防碰天车装置存在一些安全问题，分析了问题的实质是设计测量精度和安全可靠性不高。提出了具体改进设计的方案与意见。     

Inexpensive substrate sampler for macroinvertebrates

Assessment of aquatic macroinvertebrates is a critical component of many watershed monitoring programs and passive samplers are often used to collect long-term site data, especially in environments where active sampling is not possible. However, standard passive samplers can be expensive and lost in extreme conditions. We developed a sampler using plastic soda bottles (PSB) filled with river rock and compared its effectiveness with standard Hester-Dendy samplers in both lotic and lentic environments. Abundance, taxa richness, and macroinvertebrate composition showed no significant differences between sampler types in either habitat type. PSB samplers, which can be constructed for less than one dollar each, collected the same number of organisms and represented the same diversity as Hester-Dendy devices that cost around $38 each. In studies where funds are limited, PSB samplers appear to be suitable for passive monitoring.     

诱导式防冲支护装置的屈曲吸能特性研究

基于薄壁管件屈曲吸能原理,设计了具有特殊形状的诱导式防冲支护装置,应用于一种新式巷道吸能防冲液压支架中,旨在当突发围岩冲击时,通过装置自身及时的变形让位过程,应对支架遭受的冲击破坏作用并快速吸收其携带的冲击能,从而支架结构受到保护,围岩稳定性与巷道的整体性得到保障。防冲支护装置的承载力与吸能量通过吸能理论分析与计算获得;利用ABAQUS大型分析软件模拟两种防冲支护装置结构形式的变形吸能过程,在轴向加载的条件下进行单节支护装置准静态压缩试验。结果表明:单节防冲支护装置支护力大,比吸能高,吸能量大,总体吸能效果好。防冲支护装置吸能特性研究,为解决当下冲击地压发生时巷道支护安全问题提供了新方法。