A novel graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes anchored α-FeOOH hybrid activated persulfate system for enhanced degradation of Orange II

Persulfate activation has been applied as one of the efficient advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) to remediate polluted environments. In this study, a novel α-FeOOH anchored by graphene oxide(GO)-carbon nanotubes(CNTs) aerogel(α-FeOOH@GCA) nanocomposite activated persulfate system(α-FeOOH@GCA + K_2S_2O_8) was applied for decolorization of Orange Ⅱ(OⅡ). The decolorization of OⅡ was remarkably enhanced to a level of ～ 99% in this system compared with that of pristine α-FeOOH(～ 44%) or GO-CNTs(～18%). The enhanced catalytic activity of α-FeOOH@GCA was due to the formation of a heterojunction byα-FeOOH and GO-CNTs as confirmed by the presence of Fe–O–C chemical bonds. The degradation intermediates of OⅡ were comprehensively identified. The proposed degradation pathway of OⅡ begins with the destruction of the conjugated structures of OⅡ by the dominant reactive oxygen species, surface-bound SO_4~(·-). The decolorization efficiency of OⅡ by the α-FeOOH@GCA activated persulfate system decreased from the first to third cycle of recycling. Ultraviolet(UV) irradiation or introduction of a small amount of Fe~(2+) could restore the activation of this system. The results show that the α-FeOOH@GCA persulfate activation system promises to be a highly efficient environmental remediation method for organic pollutants.     

On-line batch production of ferrate with an chemical method and its potential application for greywater recycling with Al(III) salt

Ferrate(VI) salt is an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. It is considered as a possible alternative method in greywater treatment. However, challenges have existed in putting ferrate(VI) technology into full-scale practice in water and wastewater treatment due to the instability of ferrate solution and high production cost of solid ferrate products. This study demonstrated a new approach of greywater treatment with on-line batch production of Fe(VI) to which Fe(III) salt was oxidized at a weak acidity solution. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Fe(VI) on light greywater (total organic carbon (TOC) = 19.5 mg/L) and dark greywater (TOC = 55 mg/L) treatment under different conditions with varying pH and Fe(VI) doses. In addition, the combination use of Fe(VI) and Al(III) salts was proved to be more efficient than using the Fe(VI) salts alone at greywater recycling. The optimum dosage of Fe(VI)/Al(III) salts was 25/25 mg/L for light greywater, 90/60 mg/L for dark greywater, respectively. The TOC values of both light greywater and dark greywater were reduced to less than 3 mg/L with the dosages. The cost for treating greywater was 0.06–0.2 $/ton at ferrate(VI) dosage of 25–90 mg/L and 0.008–0.024 $/ton at AlCl₃ dosage of 25–60 mg/L. The full operating cost needs further assessment before the Fe(VI)/Al(III) technology could be implemented in greywater treatment.     

苯酐生产氧化反应器组火灾爆炸危险性分析与对策

为预防苯酐生产中最危险部位氧化反应器组发生火灾、爆炸事故 ,详细分析了苯酐生产中氧化反应器组各部位的火灾、爆炸危险性 ,在危险性分析基础上 ,提出了可行的安全对策与措施 ,对苯酐装置的安全生产和管理具有重要的指导意义和参考价值     

钙钛矿CaFeO_3光催化降解大红染料废水性能的研究

用柠檬酸络合法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物CaFeO3,并以其为光催化剂对水溶性染料进行光催化降解实验。讨论了光催化反应时间、催化剂投加量、光照强度、pH值、以及外加氧化剂(H2O2)等因素对光催化活性的影响。实验结果表明:在催化剂投加量0.4g,降解时间180min,pH值2,光照强度200W,H2O2的投加量5mL时,大红染料的降解率可达99.83%。     

污水处理厂电耗分析与控制

通过对焦作污水处理厂处理工艺特点的研究,分析了其电耗的组成和重点,提出了主要耗电环节的节电措施．每月节约电费12万元。     

大庆石油炼化厂废水深加工回用工程研究

为实现十一五大庆炼化石油节能减排,扩大再生产需要的高质量循环水和锅炉用水需要,用二次生化后排放污水经碟式过滤器——超滤—高级氧化——动态活性炭——动态生物膜沙滤+反渗透组合工艺处理废水回用生产。该工程规模600t/h,设计循环补充水量280t/h,锅炉用水补充量250t/h,是典型污水工厂管道化处理工程。工艺先进,设备板块简单,适应石油炼化、煤化工、钢铁、铜业电厂和城市污水深加工项目。     

O3/H2O2降解水中致嗅物质2-MIB的效能与机理

采用O3/H2O2工艺对水中致嗅物质二甲基异莰醇(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)的去除效能与机理进行了研究,探讨了H2O2与O2的投加方式、摩尔比以及溶液pH值和水质等因素对2-MIB降解的影响,并通过Gc-MS对2-MIB的氧化降解中间产物进行了分析.实验结果显示,H202能明显促进O3对水中2-MIB的氧化降解.单独臭氧氧化2Omin时2-MIB的降解率为38.7%;在同样体系中加入适量的H202后2.MIB的降解率最大能提高到89.2%,H202与O3最佳投加摩尔比为0.6左右.低浓度(0.5 mg·L-1)腐殖酸对O3/H2O2体系2.MIB的降解速率有比较明显的促进作用,高浓度的腐殖酸则会产生较明显的抑制作用;自由基捕获剂叔丁醇对O3/H2O2体系中2-MIB氧化降解具有明显的抑制作用.鉴定出2-MIB的氧化降解产物有4-羟基-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2,2,1]庚烷-2-酮、1,7,7-三甲基双环[2,2,1]庚烷-2,4-二酮、1,7,7-三甲基双环[2,2,1]庚烷-2-酮等,并对2-MIB氧化机制和降解的可能途径进行了推导.     

Water quality in rice-growing watersheds in a Mediterranean climate

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) agriculture is estimated to cover 161 million ha of land on Earth, with 10% grown in temperate regions. Currently there are strong concerns about surface water nutrient pollution, and the purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of temperate rice cultivation on nutrient dynamics at the small watershed scale. Over the course of the 2008 growing season (May through September), bi-weekly grab samples were collected from outlets of 11 agricultural subwatersheds in California. Samples were analyzed for NO₃-N, NH₄-N, PO₄-P, K, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations, and the average values across all subwatersheds and sampling dates were 0.22, 0.031, 0.047, 1.36, and 0.32 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Linear mixed effects analysis was used to evaluate the magnitude of relationships between nutrient concentration and flux and subwatershed characteristics (i.e. percent soil clay and organic matter, percent rice area, irrigation water reuse, subwatershed discharge, irrigated area, and time, measured as the day in the growing season). For all nutrients, flux decreased over time and increased with discharge. Concentrations of K and DON were highest at the start and end of the growing season. Concentrations of NH₄-N were near non-detect levels, with the exception of a peak in mid-July, which corresponds to when many growers top-dress rice fields with N fertilizer. Nitrate-N concentration and flux decreased with percent rice area, whereas PO₄-P concentrations increased with percent rice area, indicating that rice area should be considered in future watershed-scale studies of nutrient discharge. In all subwatersheds, the discharge loads of K were smaller than surface water input loads, while NO₃-N, NH₄-N, PO₄-P, and DON discharge loads exceeded input loads when total growing season discharge was greater than 3500-6600 m³ ha⁻¹. This implies that the management of subwatershed discharge can be used to control nutrient export from rice-growing areas.     

铅酸蓄电池生产废水治理技术应用研究

采用“氧化还原＋中和反应＋高效凝聚”工艺处理废蓄电池回收和电池制造企业生产废水。总处理水量为208m^3／d;进水水质：pH：1-2、总铅：13．5mg／L、SS：450mg／L。经该工艺处理后,废水中的总铅、pH、SS等指标均能达标排放。