特种设备智能检测监测云服务模式研究

针对特种设备数量高速增长与质量管理服务供给不足等日益复杂的形势,研究基于物联网、大数据、云计算等新一代信息技术的特种设备智能检测监测架构与支撑要素,提出面向设备安全管控的检测监测技术应用模式、面向生命周期环节的集成应用模式、基于动静态数据的云服务应用模式等多种云服务模式,集成技术、平台、数据等多种手段探索特种设备行业检测监测应用与服务创新,满足特种设备生产、使用、检验、检测、监管等多方需求,推动特种设备质量提升、技术优化和风险防范能力升级.     

南亚次大陆对中国大气传输影响及海螺沟背景站监测的指示效应

海螺沟背景站地处人烟稀少、远离工业带区域,颗粒物浓度水平与美国背景区域相当,通常情况下各项污染物浓度呈周期性缓慢变化,但通过实时自动监测发现,也有部分时段出现污染物浓度急剧升高的现象,对这种情况进行统计分析,2015年共有43 d因远距离传输导致背景站浓度急剧升高现象,其间PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为19.4μg/m~3,比其年均质量浓度(8.3μg/m~3)高1倍多。通过对2015年背景站监测数据与年气象分析资料的联合分析,结合HSPLIT 4.8轨迹模式对污染物来源进行溯源,在海螺沟国家大气背景区域的200、3 700 m 2个高度都存在南亚次大陆向中国境内输送的气流路径。后向轨迹200 m高度聚类分析结果:海螺沟背景站PM_(2.5)监测值超"正常"浓度范围时段有84%的大气污染气团主要来自南亚次大陆方向,同时,常规6项其他监测项目的浓度水平也存在协同上升效应。     

Prevalence of alcohol impairment and odds of a driver injury or fatality in on-road farm equipment crashes

Objective: The objective of this article was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol impairment in crashes involving farm equipment on public roadways and the effect of alcohol impairment on the odds of crash injury or fatality.

Methods: On-road farm equipment crashes were collected from 4 Great Plains state departments of transportation during 2005–2010. Alcohol impairment was defined as an involved driver having blood alcohol content of ≥0.08 g/100 ml or a finding of alcohol impairment as a driver contributing circumstance recorded on the police crash report. Injury or fatality was categorized as (a) no injury (no and possible injury combined), (b) injury (nonincapacitating or incapacitating injury), and (c) fatality. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression modeling, clustered on crash, was used to estimate the odds of an injury/fatality in crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver.

Results: During the 5 years under study, 3.1% (61 of 1971) of on-road farm equipment crashes involved an alcohol-impaired driver. One in 20 (5.6%) injury crashes and 1 in 6 (17.8%) fatality crashes involved an alcohol-impaired driver. The non-farm equipment driver was significantly more likely to be alcohol impaired than the farm equipment driver (2.4% versus 1.1% respectively, P = .0012). After controlling for covariates, crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver had 4.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30–7.28) times the odds of an injury or fatality. In addition, the non-farm vehicle driver was at 2.28 (95% CI, 1.92–2.71) times higher odds of an injury or fatality than the farm vehicle driver. No differences in rurality of the crash site were found in the multivariable model.

Conclusion: On-road farm equipment crashes involving alcohol result in greater odds of an injury or fatality. The risk of injury or fatality is higher among the non-farm equipment vehicle drivers who are also more likely to be alcohol impaired. Further studies are needed to measure the impact of alcohol impairment in on-road farm equipment crashes.     

电动振动设备的发展及展望

电动振动设备是振动试验中运用的最广泛的振动设备.电动振动设备包括电动振动台和电动激振器等,以电动振动台为例,系统分析了电动振动设备的主要结构和工作原理等.并对在发达国家应用较多的多轴多自由度振动台作了简要分析.展望了电动振动设备的发展.     

对美军装备采购合同管理的分析与借鉴

装备采购合同管理是装备采购管理的重要组成部分,是军方依法执行合同、实现合同权利的主要手段。对美军装备合同管理进行分析,进而提出若干有益于我军装备采购合同管理的借鉴意见。     

战场损伤评估程序研究

由于现行战场损伤评估程序相对简单,与实际战场评估活动需求有一定的差距。根据美军飞机和车辆战场损伤评估程序,对战场损伤评估程序进行了详细分析和改进。改进后,战场损伤评估程序分为3个主要组成部分,即战场损伤评估前应明确的问题、系统级评估、关键件级评估。战场损伤评估前应明确的问题包括损伤装备和战术要求两个方面。系统级评估主要包括损伤定位和确定关键件。关键件级评估包括损伤定位、确定抢修方法和提交评估报告3方面。最后,以某火炮为例进行了实例分析。     

Correlation of Black Smoke and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Through Field Testing of in-Use Diesel Vehicles

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) uses water clarity as a water quality indicator for integrated assessments of coastal waters. After the publication of the first National Coastal Condition Report (USEPA, 2001c), the national water clarity reference value of 10% of ambient surface light at 1~m depth was reevaluated and modified to reflect expected differences in regional reference light conditions. These regional differences range from naturally turbid estuaries like those found in Mississippi and Louisiana to clear water estuaries expected to support extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation in, e.g., Florida and Tampa Bays. For the second National Coastal Condition Report, water clarity was assessed based on regional reference values (USEPA, 2004). Different regional water clarity reference values and data collection methods necessitated the development of a water clarity index based on light attenuation coefficients (k). This index incorporates regional reference conditions and is interchangeable with secchi depth and percent light transmission calculated from light meter measurements. Evaluation of the water clarity index shows that k values based on transmissivity at 1~m can be estimated from secchi depth measurements and successfully used as a surrogate for transmissivity calculated from light meter data. An approach for assessing water clarity in Gulf of Mexico estuaries using light meter data and secchi depth is presented.     

Why most conservation monitoring is, but need not be, a waste of time

Ecological conservation monitoring programmes abound at various organisational and spatial levels from species to ecosystem. Many of them suffer, however, from the lack of details of goal and hypothesis formulation, survey design, data quality and statistical power at the start. As a result, most programmes are likely to fail to reach the necessary standard of being capable of rejecting a false null hypothesis with reasonable power. Results from inadequate monitoring are misleading for their information quality and are dangerous because they create the illusion that something useful has been done. We propose that conservation agencies and those funding monitoring work should require the demonstration of adequate power at the outset of any new monitoring scheme.     

废弃电子电器设备回收利用现状及技术分析

分析了电子电器设备的结构、组成及可资源化物质,介绍了目前的电子电器设备回收处理现状及技术,阐述了困扰回收处理的因素,展望了废弃电子电器设备的回收利用前景。     

空气质量自动监测二氧化硫不确定度分析

不确定度是反映某一测量方法,在一定置信概率条件下测量所产生的不确定量。根据测量原理建立数学模型,分析各种不确定度分量的来源,评定标准不确定度,确定合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,通过不确定影响分量的分析,找出影响测量结果的最大不确定度分量,重点控制其分量,保证测量的准确性和精度,同时也可通过重新评估显著性不确定分量,找出方法存在的不足和问题,提出逐步控制不确定分量的步骤和方法,改善测量方法和手段提高测量准确性和精度,不断减少测量的不确定量。