公路交通与耕地保护

交通是发展国民经济的先行官,为了适应我国改革开放的经济形势,改变长期落后的交通状况,公路建设需要超前发展。我国人口众多,土地资源贫乏,在发展公路建设的同时,必须尽可能节约土地,保护耕地资源。本文着重介绍了在高等级公路建设中,保护耕地的一些成功经验和建议。     

超细粉煤灰-氟石膏在道路修补工程中的综合利用研究

针对我国现有水泥混凝土路面的破坏问题,研究开发了以工业废料--超细粉煤灰和氟石膏为主要组分的水泥基道路修补材料,利用氟石膏与超细粉煤灰在水泥水化过程中的相互激发作用,通过试验优选出超细粉煤灰-氟石膏高性能道路修补材料,并应用于道路修补混凝土的配制,同时测试了其力学性能及部分长期性能,试验表明其性能优良,在此基础上对其水化硬化机理作了初步的探讨.     

Understanding resident satisfaction with involvement in highway planning: in-depth interviews during a highway planning process in the Netherlands

This study investigates resident satisfaction with provided involvement activities during highway planning processes, with particular attention given to the planned Southern Ring Road highway project in Groningen, the Netherlands. In-depth interviews with 38 residents living in the project area reveal important themes contributing to satisfaction. Satisfaction with passive information activities is motivated by the extent to which information addresses concerns, but (dis)trust in government and other information sources also plays a role. For residents preferring to obtain additional information, perceived access to such information and the extent to which it reduces concerns are also important to satisfaction. Finally, for residents who would rather participate actively, satisfaction is motivated by their perceived access to participation activities and the sense of being heard. Study results show how residents’ evaluations of the themes underpinning involvement satisfaction are based on their perceptions of actual project team activities and contextual factors.     

高等级公路采动变形破坏数值模拟研究

以南屯矿区及其上方的邹济公路为背景,采用FLAC~(3D)软件,对采动影响下的高等级公路破坏机理和破坏过程进行了研究。研究表明:高等级公路采动变形经历先"上凸"后"下凹"过程,且破坏程度随着公路级别的降低而增加。应尽量使公路位于采空区正上方,且延伸方向和工作面推进的方向一致;若公路位于采空区一侧时,路面向采空区一侧整体滑移和倾斜;若公路延伸方向与工作面推进方向垂直,应注意采空区公路两端的上凸变形;应避免公路与采空区斜交。在相同地质采矿条件下,随着深厚比的增加,路面破坏程度减小,且在一定范围内,路面最大下沉值与深厚比存在非线性关系。研究成果为邹济公路下开采方案和公路维修治理提供必要的理论和技术支持。     

Driver injury severity related to inclement weather at highway–rail grade crossings in the United States

Objective: Previous studies on crash modeling at highway–rail grade crossings were aimed at exploring the factors that are likely to increase the crash frequencies at highway–rail grade crossings. In recent years, modeling driver's injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings has received interest. Because there were substantial differences among different weather conditions for driver's injury severity, this study attempts to explore the impact of weather influence on driver injury at highway–rail grade crossing.

Method: Utilizing the most recent 10 years (2002–2011) of highway–rail grade crossing accident data, this study applied a mixed logit model to explore the determinants of driver injury severity under different weather conditions at highway–rail grade crossing.

Results: Analysis results indicate that drivers' injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings is strongly different for different weather conditions. It was found that the factors significantly impacting driver injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings include motor vehicle speed, train speed, driver's age, gender, area type, lighting condition, highway pavement, traffic volume, and time of day.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that crashes are more prevalent if vehicle drivers are driving at high speed or the oncoming trains are high speed. Hence, a reduction in speed limit during inclement weather conditions could be particularly effective in moderating injury severity, allowing more reaction time for last-minute maneuvering and braking in moments before impacts. In addition, inclement weather-related crashes were more likely to occur in open areas and highway–rail grade crossings without pavement and lighting. Paved highway–rail grade crossings with installation of lights could be particularly effective in moderating injury severity.     

西南山区公路工程建设对地质环境的影响--模糊综合评价

通过对西昌一攀枝花高速公路沿线地质环境及工程建设活动强度的分析研究，选择地质构造、地层产状、岩性组合和高填深挖等10个子因子，从地质体稳定性、岩土体稳定性、工程活动强度和地质灾害等4方面建立了公路工程对地质环境影响的评价指标体系和层次分析模型，利用模糊综合评判方法对公路工程建设对地质环境影响的程度进行了评价。     

线源扩散公式的实验应用及检验

本文采用不同的线源模式，对新建城区公路近，远期汽车排放污染物进行预测，并与实测验证，结果表明、采用汽车污染物扩散模式，预测新建公路对城区大气环境质量影响是可行的，预测结果与实验结构相吻合。     

新疆G30线速度管理和控制技术研究

速度管理和控制技术是高速公路交通运输中重要的措施和手段,合理的速度管理和控制技术可以提高高速公路的运营管理水平并确保其运营安全.本文针对新疆G30线高速公路的地域、线形、运行特点,探讨了各种速度管理和控制技术在该路段的实施效果,并提出了合理的速度管理和控制措施,以为该高速公路设计和改造升级的速度控制提供借鉴和依据.     

高速公路隧道交通安全事故树分析

本文结合近年来我国高速公路隧道交通安全现状,在分析高速公路隧道交通事故类型及特点的基础上,从人、车、路和环境、管理四个方面采用事故树方法分析了高速公路隧道交通事故的主要原因,建立了高速公路隧道交通安全事故树,并提出了预防和控制高速公路隧道交通事故安全的对策措施及建议.     

都(江堰)汶(川)公路泥石流危险性评价及活动趋势

泥石流危险性评价是合理制定泥石流防治方案和进行泥石流防治工程设计的必要前提。板子沟、桃关沟、登基沟和彻底关沟是岷江两岸的大型泥石流沟,严重威胁着沟口公路桥梁的安全。危险性评价结果表明,登基沟、桃关沟和板子沟均为具有高度危险的泥石流沟,危险度分别为0.74、0.69和0.68,高度危险的泥石流沟可造成重大灾难和严重危害。彻底关沟泥石流危险度为0.50,属中度危险。板子沟、桃关沟和彻底关沟均为低频率泥石流或高含沙洪水,平均20～50年发生一次;登基沟泥石流(包括高含沙洪水)发生频率稍高,平均5～10年发生一次。研究表明,如果板子沟和桃关沟内人工采石的强度能得到有效控制,没有明显迹象表明上述4条沟的泥石流活动会有增强的趋势。