多年冻土区工程迹地人工恢复区植物和土壤的矿质元素含量特征

选择青藏高原多年冻土区工程迹地的人工恢复植物和紫花针茅草原的优势植物以及对应的土壤样品进行对照,利用原子吸收法分析了它们的矿质元素含量特征。结果表明：多年冻土区工程迹地人工恢复区植物的元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca、P和Na,100～1 000 μg/g的元素有Mn、K、Fe、Mg和Al;而对照紫花针茅草原优势植物的元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca和Na,100～1 000 μg/g的元素有P、Mn、K、Fe、Mg和Al。人工恢复区土壤元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca、Fe和Mn,100～1000 μg/g的元素有Mg、K、Al、P和Na;对照紫花针茅草原土壤元素含量：＞1 000 μg/g的元素有Ca、Fe,100～1 000 μg/g的元素有Mn、Mg、Al、K、P和Na。该区域植物和土壤元素含量都属于Ca > K 型。人工恢复植物和对照的紫花针茅草原植物对土壤元素的吸收能力具有较高的相似性。K和Al元素的累积与其他元素没有显著的相关关系,其他元素之间为正相关关系,元素之间的吸收累积属于协同作用,无明显的撷抗作用     

Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: metal contents of four selected rivers

The water used by 85% of the Asian population originates in Tibetan Plateau. During April and May of 2006, water samples were collected from four major Asian rivers in the Plateau (i.e. the Salween, Mekong, Yangtze River and Yarlung Tsangpo) and analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mo, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Li, Mn, Al, Fe, Mg and Hg. The results showed that elements such as Mg were rather high in Tibetan rivers, giving a mean electrical conductance of 36 mS/m. In a few locations, the results also showed relatively high concentrations of Al and Fe (>1 mg/L). However, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Cr were generally low. Contamination with Pb was identified at a few locations in the Salween and Ni at a few sites in the Yangtze River.     

青藏高原纳木错流域持久性有机污染物的多介质迁移与归趋模拟

南亚排放的持久性有机污染物(POPs)可随大气传输到青藏高原,然而POPs在高原多介质间的迁移与分配尚不清晰。本研究利用三级逸度模型对4种POPs(六六六α-HCH,滴滴涕p,p'-DDT,菲Phe和苯并芘Ba P)在纳木错流域的迁移与归趋进行了模拟。结果表明,大气沉降是该区域污染物的主要输入过程,而降解损失则是主要的输出途径。就最终归趋而言,土壤是POPs在纳木错流域的重要储库,其存储了大于50%的POPs。此外,湖水和沉积物分别对α-HCH和PAHs具有较强的存储能力。灵敏度分析的结果表明,环境温度、大气中POPs的浓度及其理化性质是影响POPs在环境中分布的关键参数。本研究明确了纳木错流域不同POPs的迁移方向和归趋特征,这将为青藏高原生态安全评估提供科学依据。     

Agricultural vulnerability over the Chinese Loess Plateau in response to climate change: Exposure,sensitivity, and adaptive capacity

Understanding how the vulnerability of agricultural production to climate change can differ spatially has practical significance to sustainable management of agricultural systems worldwide. Accordingly, this study developed a conceptual framework to assess the agricultural vulnerability of 243 rural counties on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Indicators representing the climate/agriculture interface were selected to describe exposure and sensitivity, while stocks of certain capitals were used to describe adaptive capacity. A vulnerability index for each county was calculated and the spatial distribution was mapped. Results showed that exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity occur independently, with most contributing indicator values concentrated in a narrow range after normalization. Within the 49 most vulnerable counties, which together encompass 81 % of the vulnerability index range, 42 were characterized by high exposure and sensitivity but low adaptive capacity. The most vulnerable area was found to be located in the central northeast–southwest belt of Loess Plateau. Adaptation measures for both ecological restoration and economic development are needed and potential adaptation options need further investigation.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0727-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Background levels of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs in soils from the eastern Pamirs, China, an alpine region influenced by westerly atmospheric transport

Long-range atmospheric transport(LRAT) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) in remote regions. When studying the LRAT of POPs on the Tibetan Plateau, westerly-controlled regions have received insufficient attention compared with regions influenced by the Indian monsoon or air flow from East Asia. We investigated the residual levels of POPs in soils from the eastern Pamirs and used air backward trajectory analysis to elucidate the influence of potential so...     

黄土高原地区生态旅游开发的优势及前景分析

黄土高原地区生态环境非常脆弱,该区进行旅游开发必须以生态旅游为指导。该区自然和人文旅游资源丰富而独特,开发生态旅游具有类型多样、功能齐全、有利于组合开发的资源优势;西部大开发、中部崛起战略为其提供了政策优势,同时该区劳动力资源丰富,因此开发生态旅游优势明显。分析了黄土高原地区生态旅游开发的国际、国内及区域市场前景,提出了在该区进行生态旅游开发应注意的问题。     

浅析青藏高原铁路建设的外来物种入侵风险

交通干线的建设和生物入侵的发生紧密相关,由于青藏高原环境的脆弱性,在该区进行交通设施建设更须警惕外来物种入侵的风险。围绕青藏高原这一特殊自然地理区域的铁路建设,初步分析了铁路建设和运行带来的环境变化,同时结合青藏高原生态系统的特点,分析了可能造成的生物入侵风险,并针对生物入侵的防范提出了相关建议。     

Effects of Permafrost Degradation on Soil Hydrological Processes in Alpine Steppe on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Permafrost degradation is prevalent on the Qinghai-Ti-bet Plateau. This may lead to changes in water and heat transition in soils and thus affect the structure and function of ecosystems. In this paper...     

高原夏季西风异常年500 hPa纬向风季节内振荡特征及其与我国降水的关系

利用NCEP/NCAR日平均再分析资料及中国596个测站日降水资料,采用带通滤波、小波功率谱、合成分析、相关分析等方法对青藏高原夏季西风异常年500 hPa纬向风季节内振荡特征及其与我国降水和大气环流的关系进行了分析,结果表明：青藏高原夏季500 hPa纬向风季节内振荡以40～60 d周期为主;该季节内振荡在高原西风异常年份表现出异常的传播特征;且高原西风增强年份,我国30°N~40°N范围内的低频降水与高原低频纬向风几乎为同位相,30°N以南地区的低频降水与高原低频纬向风几乎为反位相,东北地区的低频降水落后于高原低频纬向风约1/4位相;高原西风减弱年份,江淮以北的我国北方大部分地区低频降水与高原低频纬向风几乎同位相,江淮地区的低频降水落后于高原低频纬向风约1/4位相。低频降水与低频环流有较好的配置关系     

基于PCA与改进AHP-CRITIC法的地质灾害风险评价研究——以神木市为例

神木市是西部地区重要的能源城市,对能源的过度开发利用引发了大量地质灾害,严重阻碍着居民生产生活和城市发展建设,因此开展地质灾害风险评价研究是该地区可持续发展的必由之路。为解决多因子综合作用对评价精度的影响,根据神木市地质环境及社会经济情况选取合适的评价因子分别建立危险性和易损性评价体系,利用主成分分析（PCA）法判断、提取主成分来避免因子间相关性的干扰,计算各因子综合分值得到危险性区划图;首次将改进层次分析（AHP）-CRITIC主客观组合赋权法应用于承灾体易损性评价当中,通过该方法计算因子综合权重得到各乡镇易损指数。叠加危险区划图和易损指数图完成神木市地质灾害风险性分区,将风险区划为高、较高、中、较低和低五个等级,分别占全市面积的5.31%、7.72%、14.17%、17.08%和55.72%,表明研究区风险等级中等偏低。可为同类型地区地质灾害风险评价工作提供参考依据。