乳化炸药密度在线检测技术

简述了常见密度在线检测方法,提出了一种采用数字称重技术间接在线测量炸药密度的新方法,建立了乳化炸药密度数字在线检测与控制系统,包括系统硬件电路的设计、硬件和电气线路的安装,以及软件程序连接和调试.研究表明,样品质量与检测系统的数字输出存在良好的线性关系,测量精度满足要求.因此,该系统可实现乳化炸药密度的在线实时测定,同时还可通过PLC实现敏化效果的自动反馈与调控,从而保证乳化炸药的敏化效果和产品质量.     

Identification, analysis and dissemination of information on near misses: A case study in the construction industry

Near misses are well-known for providing a major source of useful information for safety management. They are more frequent events than accidents and their causes may potentially result in an accident under slightly different circumstances. Despite the importance of this type of feedback, there is little knowledge on the characteristics of near misses, and on the use of this information in safety management. This article proposes guidelines for identifying, analyzing and disseminating information on near misses in construction sites. In particular, it is proposed that near misses be analyzed based on four categories: (a) whether or not it was possible to track down the event; (b) the nature of each event, in terms of its physical features (e.g. falling objects); (c) whether they provided positive or negative feedback for the safety management system; and (d) risk, based on the probability and severity associated with each event. The guidelines were devised and tested while a safety management system was being developed in a healthcare building project. The monitoring of near misses was part of a safety performance measurement system. Among the main results, a dramatic increase in both the number and quality of reports stands out after the workforce was systematically encouraged to report. While in the first 4 months of the study – when the workforce was not encouraged to report – there were just 12 reports, during the subsequent 4 months – when the workforce was so encouraged – there were 110 reports, all of them being analyzed based on the four analytical categories proposed.     

地震人员伤亡快速评估模型研究

每年地震都会给社会造成巨大人员伤亡,如果震后能迅速预知地震人员伤亡数量,这对挽救生命损失是十分有意义的。统计了近10年来中国大陆数10次强震、中强震灾害损失,根据影响伤亡的主要因素,用线性回归分析法,建立地震人员伤亡快速评估模型,并对模型进行验证,使之可用于地震预警。     

甘肃省农业高质量发展水平测度及制约因子研究

结合农业高质量发展的特征,构建农业高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法、障碍因子诊断模型对甘肃省2009—2018年农业高质量发展水平和制约因素进行分析。结果发现:①2009—2018年,甘肃省农业高质量发展综合水平整体呈增长态势,但农业发展质量不高。②农业绿色发展和农业科技创新是甘肃省农业高质量发展的主要短板。③人力资本和生态环境保护是制约甘肃省农业高质量发展的主要因素。基于研究结果,提出强化政府职能、培育和引进高质量农业人才、贯彻新发展理念、构建生态补偿机制等加快甘肃省农业高质量发展的政策建议。     

多参数指示南极普里兹湾浮游植物的时空变化

以南极普里兹湾沉积物为研究对象,运用气相色谱技术,研究了生物标志物菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮对应指示的硅藻、甲藻、颗石藻等浮游植物的生产量和种群结构的历史变化,结合2001—2011年实测和遥感水体ρ(Chla)(Chla为叶绿素a)及SST(海水表层温度)数据,探讨了该湾浮游植物生产量时空变化特征及其影响因素. 结果表明:过去100多年间南极普里兹湾浮游植物总生产量(212.04~759.10 ng/g)〔以w(菜子甾醇)+w(甲藻甾醇)+w(长链烯酮)计〕和w(硅藻)所占比例(62.28%~87.13%)〔以w(菜子甾醇)所占比例计〕均呈上升趋势,而w(甲藻)所占比例(10.09%~27.98%)〔以w(甲藻甾醇)所占比例计〕和w(颗石藻)所占比例(1.97%~9.74%)〔以w(长链烯酮)所占比例计〕则呈下降趋势. 全球变暖背景下浮游植物种群变动通过改变南大洋对CO₂的吸收进而影响全球碳循环. 水体ρ(Chla)与沉积生物标志物指示的浮游植物总生产量均具有湾内高、湾外低的空间分布特征. 湾内ρ(Chla)与SST的年际变化趋势相似,二者以2002—2003年和2009—2010年相对较高,SST分别为-0.30和0.01 ℃,ρ(Chla)分别为1.69和2.31 mg/m3;以2001—2002年和2010—2011年相对较低,SST分别为-1.19和-0.95 ℃,ρ(Chla)分别为1.08和0.79 mg/m3,表明该湾SST变化可较明显地影响浮游植物的生长.      

Performance evaluation of integrated resilience engineering factors by data envelopment analysis: The case of a petrochemical plant

Petrochemical units are potentially prone to incidents that have catastrophic consequences such as explosion, leakage of toxic materials, and the stoppage of the production process. Resilience engineering (RE) is a new method that can control incidents and limit their consequences. It includes top-level commitment, reporting culture, learning, awareness, preparedness, and flexibility. However, this study introduces a new concept of RE (referred to as integrated RE or IRE) which includes the above factors in addition to self-organization, teamwork, redundancy and fault-tolerant. This study evaluates performance of IRE in a petrochemical plant through considering the obtained data from questionnaires and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Moreover, the performance of RE and the new IRE are compared and discussed. The results show that although there is a strong direct correlation between the DEA results in two frameworks, the mean scores of efficiency in IRE is slightly higher than RE. This is the first study that introduces an integrated approach for RE. In addition, this study is amongst the first ones that examine the behavior of resilience engineering by DEA. Moreover, the superiority of IRE is shown through robust statistical analysis.     

用高精度磁测圈定煤田自燃区的应用效果

煤田自燃在中国北方非常普遍,每年都给中国的煤炭资源以及生态环境造成重大损失。为控制和监测煤田自燃,须对其自燃边界进行圈定。煤层自燃后产生“热剩磁”,基于这一理论,运用高精度磁测圈定了西北某煤田自燃区的边界范围,并建立了“倾斜磁化有限延伸的板状体”模型进行正演。由钻孔验证的结果来看,高精度磁测圈定煤田自燃区边界范围的应用效果良好。     

基于农户意愿的矿区耕地损害补偿测度研究——以庞庄、垞城、柳新煤矿开采为例

矿产资源的开发利用,在支撑社会经济发展的同时却带来区域资源生态环境的破坏,尤其是矿区农户承担着较大的外部成本。论文以矿区耕地损害为研究对象,在调查农户认知和接受补偿意愿的基础上,通过构建计量模型,测算基于农户意愿下的补偿额度。结果表明:①调查结果显示,69.19%的农户因煤矿开采失去一部分耕地,49.19%的农户表示耕地质量降低,95.14%的农户认为居住环境遭到破坏,93.51%的农户认为采矿破坏了耕种文化传承;②实证结果表明,庞庄、垞城、柳新煤矿周边农户每年接受最低补偿分别为34 780.80、36 506.85和35 397.60元/hm²,其中经济损害受偿意愿分别为12 731.10、18 982.80、11 230.95元/(hm²·a),社会保障损害受偿意愿分别为11 782.35、10 777.95、12 765.00元/(hm²·a),生态损害受偿意愿分别为7 277.10、4 282.35、7 306.05元/(hm²·a),文化传承损害受偿意愿分别为2 990.25、2 463.75和4 095.6元/(hm²·a);③对比分析发现,当前政策下矿区耕地损害补偿额度一般在9 458.70~15 764.40元/(hm²·a)之间,明显低于基于农户意愿下的补偿额度,并且56.76%的农户表示不接受一次性补偿。以上结果能够为矿区生态补偿和政策创新提供决策依据和定量参考。     

A regional-scale sustainable development index: the case of Baja California Sur,Mexico

Sustainable development, as a multi-dimensional concept, is difficult to measure. Some efforts using indicators and indices have appeared in recent years, but most were developed on a national scale. Use of sustainability indicators has proven valuable for attaining better management of the environment by minimizing information gaps and maximizing community capabilities in terms of economic, social, environmental, and institutional sustainability dimensions. However, at least in the case of developing countries, the potential exists that national sustainability measures, based on national level indicators, may mask problems in sub-national zones with highly unsustainable conditions. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate sustainable development at a local level, the use of which could be helpful in comparing different regions within a country or even among different countries. National sustainability indicators should result from a combination (whether additive or proportional) of regional sustainability indicators, as developed in this paper.     

衡阳市企业执行新企业会计准则情况的调查与分析

目前,新会计准则在我国上市公司中实施已有六年多时间,然而在我们衡阳市企业中的运用情况如何,企业的反映如何,在实施过程中有哪些问题和难题,这些都是普遍关注的问题.因此,为进一步了解新会计准则的实施情况,发现并解决实施过程中存在的问题和难题,课题组对衡阳市相关企业的新会计准则实施情况进行了调查和分析.参8.