Monitoring and assessment of daily exposure of roadside workers to traffic noise levels in an Asian city: a case study of Bangkok streets

Four noise monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate average noise level and audiometric assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the monitoring period, noise levels were found to be 72.8–83.0 dBA during day time and 59.5–74.5 dBA during night time. The finding also indicated that traffic noise levels depend on distance from roadside, diurnal variation and character of the traffic and street configuration. Audiometric measurement of 4000 persons was carried by four major hospitals in Bangkok to study the relationship between traffic noise exposure of groups of people working in the streets and hearing loss. Four different categories of occupational people, i.e., drivers, street vendors, traffic officers and dwellers were selected and were further classified into age groups (16–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 years old) to monitor the traffic noise induced hearing loss throughout their everyday lives. The control group was deliberately chosen to screen out the effects of traffic noise. According to the audiometric investigation, it was revealed that hearing capacity of the daily noise exposure groups living in the three urban sites (Yaowarat Road, Din Daeng Road and Ratchaprarop Road) were noticeably poorer than those who were living in suburban site (Phahonyothin Road). It was noted that the mean hearing threshold level (HTL) of the 16–25 years old groups were found to have better hearing capacity than those older adults of 46–55 years old. In particular the mean HTL dropped at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Among the occupational population who were living in the urban monitoring sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of traffic noise induced hearing loss.     

生化需氧量智能生物检测仪在废水控制分析中的应用

为解决快速测量生化需氧量，生化需氧量智能生物检测仪对多种废水的实际测定表明，操作简单，测量周期为３０ｍｉｎ，精密度为±１０％左右，特别适用于污水处理中控制分析及批量样品的分析测定。     

传统村落旅游地乡愁的测度及其资源价值——以苏南传统村落为例

“记住乡愁”是乡村旅游和乡村振兴的重要内容。基于居民和游客视角,以苏南传统村落为案例地,开发传统村落旅游地乡愁量表,探讨乡愁的资源价值。结果表明:传统村落旅游地乡愁是一个综合概念,是特定人地关系的体现,是在一定时空条件下,乡愁主体、乡愁触点、乡愁载体、乡愁情感、乡愁愿景要素共同作用的结果,不仅仅是离乡的愁绪,思乡的记忆,也体现了一定的文化概念,是情感、记忆和文化的集合体;经过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,探讨并验证了传统村落旅游地乡愁的“文化—情感—记忆”三维度量表;主客乡愁之间存在一定差异:居民乡愁强度高于游客,居民情感维度均值最高,文化维度均值最低,游客文化维度均值最高,情感维度最低;乡愁有一定的资源价值,主要体现在情感联结价值、文化认同和传承价值、保护和开发价值三个方面。在此基础上提出了对策和建议。     

基于在线监测的南京仙林PM2.5组分特征与来源解析

为了研究南京市PM_2.5的污染特征及来源贡献,于2018年3月至2019年2月在南京仙林地区进行PM_2.5组分的在线监测,运用PMF和CMB受体模型,开展PM_2.5的来源解析.结果表明,观测期间南京市PM_2.5平均质量浓度为54.3μg/m³,其中冬季平均浓度76.4μg/m³.PM_2.5的主要组分为NO₃^-（21.3%~30.8%）、SO₄^2-（18.9%~23.5%）、NH₄⁺（14.3%~16.2%）.从全年平均来看,PMF模型得到的PM_2.5解析结果为：二次无机气溶胶（54.9%）、燃煤源（17.4%）、二次有机气溶胶（7.4%）、机动车排放源（7.1%）、工业源（4.9%）、扬尘源（4.8%）、其他源（3.4%）;CMB模型得到的PM_2.5解析结果为：硝酸盐（33.0%）、硫酸盐（24.0%）、燃煤源（16.4%）、机动车排放源（8.4%）、二次有机气溶胶（7.1%）、扬尘源（5.7%）、其他源（2.9%）、工业源（2.4%）.不同季节PM_2.5来源有所差异,夏冬季二次无机气溶胶占比大于春秋季,春冬季燃煤占比最大,二次有机气溶胶在秋季占比最大.结合2017年南京市大气污染源排放清单,对二次气溶胶贡献进行再解析,得到南京仙林地区PM_2.5主要贡献来自燃煤源（PMF：34.14%,CMB：33.82%）,机动车排放源（PMF：27.33%,CMB：29.33%）以及工业源（PMF：26.76%,CMB：24.77%）.可见,影响南京仙林地区PM_2.5的污染源主要来自燃煤源、机动车排放源和工业源,基于在线组分监测、利用PMF和CMB模型得到的PM_2.5源解析结果具有较好的一致性.     

国家运输支撑力下的陆上丝绸之路运输通道风险测算方法

丝绸之路运输通道风险测算可有效分析通道风险因素,为国际运输宏观政策制定及风险管控提供理论支撑。针对25个国家的7条运输通道,结合文献分析法获取国家运输节点风险的影响因素,利用因子分析法量化综合风险;基于运输通道风险构成机制结合多维度的不均衡指数构建国家运输支撑力下的运输通道风险测度模型。结果表明:北线和西1通道风险最小,南线通道风险最大;运输通道风险测度受国家数目、国家参与程度及其影响力及国家风险状态影响;各运输通道内部与通道间均存在风险不均衡现象。     

雨水口径流流量计量方法的研究及应用

针对雨水口及其他跌落水流的流量测量问题,提出一种基于动量变化率而测定来流冲击力的计量流量的方法。具体步骤是通过力传感装置和称重变送器将下落水流冲击力转化为电压信号,依据率定实验过程中电压值的变化,最终换算成雨水口径流流量。结果表明,应用该计量方法进行雨水口流量测量,其获得的流量精度较高,适应雨水口的流量变化,是一种计量雨水口流量的有效方法。     

管制员认知偏差测评量表的编制与应用

利用信息加工模型,结合管制工作的特殊性,编制出管制员认知偏差测评量表。利用该量表对管制员认知偏差进行测量,结果表明管制员管制过程中存在较大的认知偏差;不同性别及年龄的管制员在认知偏差方面存在显著差异。     

公交车噪声排放实验测量及频谱特性分析

设计了一种测量公交车噪声源排放的实验方案,采用实验方法对公交车的噪声源排放进行了测量。对测量数据进行统计分析,建立了考虑加、减速影响的公交车噪声源排放模型。然后通过计算得到不同行驶状态下公交车噪声的A计权等效频率,并进行了对比分析。最后分析了不同行驶状态下公交车噪声的频率分布的差异,得到了公交车噪声频率分布的若干规律。     

金属磨损试验及测量方法

降低工具和机器效率的一个主要原因是金属磨损,磨损也能引起机器准确率降低。如何提高机器耐磨性,研究机器磨损的规律是很重要的。介绍了金属磨损的类型,实验室磨损试验的方法,磨损试验的磨损量测量方法及表示方法。     

A new approach to estimation of methane emission rates from landfills

Methane emission monitoring has become increasingly essential for diffusive area sources, especially for landfills, which contribute to a significant fraction of the total anthropogenic methane emission globally. Statutorily, methane emission rate from landfills in Germany shall be examined on a semiannual basis; however, an appropriate approach has yet to be developed and adopted for general use. In this study, a new method is proposed based on experimental results, which utilizes a TDLAS (Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy) instrument – GasFinder2.0® system and a dispersion model LASAT (Lagrangian Simulation of Aerosol Transport) as the measurement device and calculation model, respectively. Between April 2010 and December 2011, a research project was conducted at a pilot scale landfill in the south of Germany. Drawing on the extensive research into this pilot project, an effective strategy of measurement setup was determined. Methane concentration was measured with GasFinder2.0® system in the upstream and downstream sections of the project site, while wind and turbulence data were measured simultaneously by an ultrasonic anemometer. The average methane emission rate from the source can be calculated by using the results as input data in the dispersion model. With this method, site-specific measurement approaches can be designed for not only landfills, but also different diffusive area sources with less workload and lower cost compared to conventional FID (Flame Ionization Detector) method.