粉体气力输运中的静电问题研究

粉体在气力输运过程中会产生静电危害，首先要分析粉体产生静电的物理机制即着重研究：粉体气力输运中的静电现象与粉体和管路的几何、物理性质及输运的技术参数之间的关系；在对其中的某些因素如：输运气流流速、质量流量、粉体材料、粉体粒度等进行实验的基础上，总结出这些因素影响起电的规律。在测试技术方面，提出了一种新的、非接触式的利用静电感应原理测量粉体电量的方法，并与计算机结合，构成一个完整的测量系统。此法具有对工业粉体气力输运过程中的静电起电做连续、非接触在线测量的可行性。     

混凝过程中流场结构的PIV测量与表征

采用粒子成像速度场仪(PIV)在不投加专用示踪粒子的条件下,以混凝絮体为示踪粒子,对Taylor-Couette反应器内的絮凝反应流场进行测量与表征.结果表明,内筒旋转雷诺数Re在900~2900时,流场中产生的涡具有相似的特殊波状涡结构,相邻涡旋形态大小发生周期性变化,涡间存在主流液体的移动,这种涡结构有利于絮体结合生长成较大的絮体颗粒,便于沉降而导致较高的絮凝沉淀去除率.这也证实PIV技术能够在进行混凝反应的同时,用混凝过程中的微絮体为示踪粒子对混凝过程进行流场测量,不必再额外添加示踪粒子,就能较好地反映混凝过程中涡旋的形态变化特征,从而实现对絮凝过程的同步测量与表征.     

On-board measurement of emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

On-board measurements of unit emissions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),gasoline,and diesel. The tests performed revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit emissions and made it possible to compare the measured emissions to the European Artemis emission model. A sequential multipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the most efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants,with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot compete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determining parameter with regard to vehicle pollutant emissions. A fuel switch to LPG offers many advantages as far as pollutant emissions are concerned,due to LPG's intrinsic characteristics.However,these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong development of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG's performance on a chassis dynamometer under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcement of pollutant emission standards in developing countries is an important step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle emissions.     

某退役辐照装置储源井钢件表面沾污测量

利用物理测量及擦拭法对某退役辐照装置储源井钢件进行表面沾污测量及结果验证,结果表明,本次测量中两种方法测量结果基本一致。物理法受测量物体自身结构及尺寸的影响导致测量结果存在误差,擦拭法要保证较高的去除因子。擦拭法可对物理法测量结果进行验证。     

延迟焦化焦粉夹带的原因及应对措施

详述了焦炭塔发生焦粉夹带的危害、原因及预防措施,描述了分馏系统焦粉的处理措施。     

On-board measurement of particle numbers and their size distribution from a light-duty diesel vehicle: Influences of VSP and altitude

In this study, the particle size-resolved distribution from a China-3 certificated light-duty diesel vehicle was measured by using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). In order to examine the influences of vehicle specific power (VSP) and high-altitude operation, measurements were conducted at 8 constant speeds, which ranged from 10 to 80 km/hr at 10 km/hr intervals, and two different high altitudes, namely 2200 and 3200 m. The results demonstrated that the numbers of particles in all size ranges decreased significantly as VSP increased when the test vehicle was running at lower speeds (< 20 km/hr), while at a moderate speed (between 30 and 60 km/hr), the particle number was statistically insensitive to increase VSP. Under high-speed cruising conditions, the numbers of ultrafine particles and PM_2.5 were insensitive to changes in VSP, but the numbers of nanoparticles and PM₁₀ surged considerably. An increase in the operational altitude of the test vehicle resulted in increased particle number emissions at low and high driving speeds; however, particle numbers obtained at moderate speeds decreased as altitude rose. When the test vehicle was running at moderate speeds, particle numbers measured at the two altitudes were very close, except for comparatively higher number concentrations of nanoparticles measured at 2200 m.     

基于毫米波的海上目标RCS测量标定分析

目的提高靶场毫米波海上目标RCS测量标定精度。方法针对海上目标的外场雷达目标特性(Radar Cross Section,RCS)测量系统动态标定问题,在给出了无源相对标校法的基础上,对毫米波RCS测量系统标定过程中云雾杂波、大气衰减、海面及地面杂波的影响进行详细分析。结果结合靶场外场实际测量,提出了衰减修正、合理选择标校气象条件等相应减小标定误差的措施。结论基于毫米波海上目标RCS测量标定的分析及其措施可极大地减小毫米波外场海面测量标校中气象环境、海面或地面杂波等对系统标定的影响,提高系统标定精度。     

基于长基线测量的水下电场特性分析研究

目的研究海洋环境电场的空间分布。方法借助长基线测量系统提供的一定空间增益,提高测量信号的强度,从而测量低频电场不同测量体在24 h内的幅度变化,以及0.1,0.2,0.5,1,10 Hz等5个不同典型频点的概率密度分布。结果水下电场的空间分布会由于电极间距的不同导致幅度有所差异,但整体的变化趋势基本一致。0.1,0.2,0.5,1 Hz频点随着频率的增加,幅度对整体的贡献越来越小,而10 Hz频点的幅度变化无明显规律。在24 h的连续观测中,DC-1 Hz极低频电场的幅度分布并不满足正态分布,而是随着时间变化具有一定的规律性。结论得到了不同频点的海洋水下环境电场的空间分布特性。     

环境视觉下复杂建筑中的GPS测量控制技术研究

在环境视觉下,传统的复杂建筑物测量方法,由于建筑物的占地面积大,并且带有一定的复杂因素,无法进行准确尺度的测量,提出一种在环境视觉下的复杂建筑GPS测量控制技术.通过分析环境与建筑间关系后,以此为基础们进行GPS测量控制分析.使用GPS技术能够从空中的角度进行作业测量,避免了地面测量过程中数据累加的过程,极大的提高了测量的准确率,GPS自带的激光影像技术已经能够进行虚拟演化,保证测量过程中的精准度,GPS测绘过程中能够调动多个卫星进行多视角的测量,保证了测量的精度.为了验证设计的复杂建筑中的GPS测量控制技术的有效性,设计了模拟仿真实验,利用实验过程产生的数据,有效的证明了设计的复杂建筑中的GPS测量控制技术的有效性.