Whole genome amplification from a single cell: a new era for preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique used for determining the genetic status of a single cell biopsied from embryos or oocytes. Genetic analysis from a single cell is both rewarding and challenging, especially in PGD. The starting material is very limited and not replaceable, and the diagnosis has to be made in a very short time. Different whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques have been developed to specifically increase the DNA quantities originating from clinical samples with limited DNA contents. In this review, currently available WGA techniques are introduced and, among them, multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is discussed in detail. MDA generates abundant assay-ready DNA to perform broad panels of genetic assays through its ability to rapidly amplify genomes from single cells. The utilization of MDA for single-cell molecular analysis is expanding at a high rate, and MDA is expected to soon become an integral part of PGD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regional Study on Economical Supporting Capacity of Land Resources in Shandong Province

Taking the land resources of 17 cities in Shandong Province as the basic data, the article studied on the economical supporting capacity of land resources in terms of the effect of land on economy. The author classified 17 cities of Shandong Province into four types according to the economical supporting capacity of land resources by quantitatively estimating the evaluation indices of the total amount of land resources, the potential of urban and other nonagricultural land, and the integrated economical sup- porting capacity of land resources, etc. The author proposes the questions requiring further study at the end of this article.     

草原自然灾害对我国奶牛业影响分析

通过对草原自然灾害的种类和损害程度的分析，阐述了自然灾害对奶牛业影响的全过程。定量分析说明，自然灾害通过破坏草原，从而制约了奶牛业的发展。最后，针对我国奶牛业的发展现状，提出了具体的防灾措施，以减小自然灾害对奶牛业发展的影响。     

分子距边矢量与烃类化合物的溶解度及辛醇/水分配系数定量关系的研究

定义并计算了烃类化合物（包括链烃、环烃、芳香烃）的分子距离－边数矢量（μ矢量），藉助多元线性回归技术分别建立了137个烃类化合物的μ矢量与这些物质的正辛醇／水分配系数lgKow及水溶解度的定量结构／性质相关关系模型。模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力。说明经改进的μ矢量能更好地反映烃类化合物的结构特性。     

工业发展与环境影响相互关系研究的进展

工业各行业的生产活动对环境质量的影响是不同的，要实现环境与经济的协调发展，建立合理的工业结构是前提。本文对工业结构与环境的关系进行了探讨，对目前已采用的线性规划分析、投入产出分析、友色系统分析、系统动力学分析、非线性一般均衡模型分析、GHG——2模型分析等几种定量分析方法进行了分析和对比，并对工业发展与环境保护研究前景提出了自己的见解。     

First application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a dominantly inherited cancer predisposition syndrome that is caused bymutations in the NF2 gene. We report here the first clinical preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) forNF2. A protocol was developed to simultaneously amplify the mutation and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within the gene. The mutation and polymorphism were analysed by simultaneous fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) on an automated DNA sequencer. The mutation, carried by the male partner, was a single base pair substitution affecting a splice site in intron 4 of the gene. The female partner was infertile due to polycystic ovary syndrome and would require IVF to conceive. The couple was found to be informative at a linked intragenic SNP situated in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene. The SNP was included in the assay to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis due to allele dropout (ADO). The couple underwent three cycles of treatment during which a total of 43 blastomeres were biopsied from 31 embryos. Amplification at both loci was obtained in 35 cells (81%). A total of five embryos were transferred, two in the first cycle, two in the second and one in the third. No pregnancy ensued. The results of the diagnoses indicated that, in this couple, the inheritance of the mutation may be non-Mendelian. Out of a total of 32 embryos tested only four were found not to carry the mutation. The reasons for this apparent skew remain unknown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国环境外交与国内环境保护

本文在回顾中国环境外交和国内环境保护工作的基础上，分析、揭示了中国环境外交同国内环境保护工作之间的互动模式，指出了这种互动模式与西方发达国家互动模式的不同，以及随着国内环境保护工作的推动而发生的演变。在定性分析的基础上，运用定量工具进行定量分析，并通过经验数据验证了中国环境外交和国内环境保护工作互动模式的合理性。     

Visual interpretation of satellite imagery for monitoring floods in Bangladesh

This article presents the methods and results of visual interpretation of NOAA AVHRR imagery for mapping flood areas in Bangladesh. Color composites of channels 1 and 2 for 18 August 1987 and 10, 15, and 24 September 1988 were interpreted visually for delineating flood boundaries. On such imagery flood areas appear in dark tones and are separated from land (light tones) owing to the absorption of near infrared by water and its reflectance by land and non-waterbodies. Visual interpretation was aided by the use of ground information, such as physiographic and river maps, previous flood maps, newspaper reports, and other published and unpublished documents on the 1987 and 1988 floods. Interpreted flood areas on selected images ranged from 31% to 43% of the total area of Bangladesh. Visual interpretation overestimated flood areas by 5%–10%, compared to the digitally analyzed data. The main advantage of visual analysis lies in the cost effectiveness of AVHRR photographic products, which make them more accessible than the digital image analysis of computer-compatible tapes.     

硅改性生物炭吸附水中Cd(Ⅱ)机理的量化分析

以纳米二氧化硅为硅源制备硅改性生物炭,利用吸附动力学、吸附等温线及SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR、XPS等表征研究硅改性生物炭对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理,并定量分析各种吸附机制的贡献率.结果表明,当添加SiO₂质量比为0.5%时制备的生物炭(0.5SiBC)吸附Cd(Ⅱ)效果最佳,最大吸附量为132.64 mg·g^-1,是未改性生物炭(BC)的1.56倍;0.5SiBC对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附过程符合拟二级动力学和Freundlich模型,其吸附过程属于化学吸附;XRD、FTIR和XPS等结果表明,0.5SiBC吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的机理主要有矿物质沉淀、离子交换作用和络合作用,各种机理贡献率依次为：矿物质沉淀(46.61%)>离子交换(33.79%)>其他机理(18.36%)>络合作用(1.24%);0.5SiBC对Cd(Ⅱ)的离子交换和矿物质沉淀量比BC分别提高133.80%和41.46%,硅改性主要通过提高生物炭的离子交换和矿物质沉淀能力来提高吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的能力.研究表明,硅改性生物炭作为去除水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附剂具有较好的...