广东省移动源中等挥发性有机物（IVOCs）排放清单及不确定性分析

中等挥发性有机物（Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds,IVOCs）是二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的重要前体物.然而,当前我国IVOCs排放清单研究相对较少,现有研究大多采用基于IVOCs/POA比值法估算,导致IVOCs排放表征存在很高的不确定性.以移动源为研究对象,在优先采用本土实测的排放因子的基础上,构建了基于实测排放因子的广东省2019年移动源IVOCs排放清单,并与基于IVOCs/POA比值法建立的排放清单进行对比评估.结果显示：2019年广东省移动源IVOCs总排放量为2.1万t,其中,道路移动源IVOCs排放量为1.5万t,占总排放量的70%,主要来自柴油重货（33%）、柴油轻货（23%）、汽油小客（14%）.其中,道路移动源IVOCs汽油车主要以国四、国五标准车型为主,分别占 汽油车排放的36%和49%,而柴油车主要以国三、国四标准车型为主,分别占柴油车排放的53%和28%.相比实测因子法,比值法计算的道路移动源IVOCs排放整体偏高了100%~200%,但计算的非道路移动源IVOCs排放整体偏低了近1/3.通过不确定性量化对比也发现,实测因子法建立的IVOCs排放清单不确定性整体比比值法平均降低了60%,表明实测排放因子能够提高IVOCs表征的可靠性.此外,本土和国外实测排放因子建立的道路移动源IVOCs排放也有明显差异,采用国外实测排放因子可能会导致广东省2019年道路移动源IVOCs排放低估30%~50%.     

电力突发事件综合风险定量分析技术研究

电力突发事件风险分析对电力安全运行至关重要。为进一步降低电力突发事件对电网正常运行带来的影响,本文根据近年来电力行业发生的大量突发事件相关数据,提取典型电力突发事件类型及关键要素,运用风险定量分析法,建立多要素电力典型突发事件综合风险计算模型。结果表明:该方法不仅得到了电力行业多种典型突发事件的综合风险量化分值,而且可以最终以图表的形式直观地反应出多种典型突发事件对电力安全运行的影响程度,为预防电力突发事件以及提升电力应急处置能力提供了一种新途径。     

Characteristics of mercury emission from linear type of spent fluorescent lamp

In order to recycle the linear type of SFL (spent fluorescent lamp), mercury from SFL should be controlled to prevent leaking into the environment. For mercury emission from SFL, mercury concentration is estimated in the parts of SFL such as glass tube, phosphor powder, and base cap using the end-cutting unit. It is also evaluated mercury emission in the effluent gas in the end-cutting unit with changing flow rate. From the results of mercury emission from SFLs, phosphor powder has greater than 80% of mercury amount in SFL and about 15% of mercury amount contained in glass tube. The initial mercury concentration in vapor phase is almost decreased linearly with increasing airflow rate from 0.7 L/min to 1.3 L/min. It is desirable that airflow rate should be high until the concentration of mercury vapor will be stable because the stabilized concentration becomes to be low and the stabilized time goes to be short as increased airflow rate. From KET and TCLP results, finally, phosphor powder should be managed as a hazardous waste but base-cap and glass are not classified as hazardous wastes.     

Using internet search behavior to assess public awareness of protected wetlands

Improving public awareness of protected wetlands facilitates sustainable wetland management, which depends on public participation. One way of gauging public interest is by tracking Internet search behavior (ISB). We assessed public awareness of issues related to protected wetland areas (PWAs) in South Korea by examining the frequencies of specific queries (PWAs, Ramsar, Upo wetland, Sunchon Bay, etc.) using relative search volumes (RSVs) obtained from an Internet search engine. RSV shows how many times a search term is used relative to a second search term during a specific period. Public awareness of PWAs changed from 2007 to 2013. Initially the majority of Internet searches were related to the most well‐known tidal and inland wetlands Sunchon Bay and Upo wetlands, which are the largest existing wetlands in Korea with the greatest historical exposure. Public awareness, as reflected in RSVs, of wetlands increased significantly following PWA designation for the wetlands in 2008, which followed the Ramsar 10th Conference of Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands (COP10) meeting. Public interest was strongly correlated to the number of news articles in the popular media, as evidenced by the increase in Internet searches for specific wetlands and words associated with specific wetlands. Correspondingly, the number of visitors to specific wetlands increased. To increase public interest in wetlands, wetland aspects that enhance wetland conservation should be promoted by the government and enhanced via public education. Our approach can be used to gauge public awareness and participation in a wide range of conservation efforts.     

粒子碰撞噪声检测（PIND）试验设备灵敏度的定量分析

介绍了一种检测粒子碰撞噪声检测试验设备的灵敏度的定量分析方法。使用该方法可直观观测到设备的灵敏度。     

北运河上覆水DOM组分含量特征及对水质的影响

基于三维荧光光谱,紫外-可见光谱技术,对比分析了汛期非汛期北运河通州区域上覆水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的组成、来源及结构特征,建立了上覆水中N和P的含量与DOM组成之间的关系,确定了反映潜在富营养化生态风险的指标.结果表明,北运河通州地区上覆水中DOM含量在9.17~27.78mg/L之间,总体呈现非汛期>汛期,上游>下游,DOM含量时空特征差异显著.汛期DOM分子量与非汛期相比较小,DOM芳香程度汛期低于非汛期;在上游和下游,汛期上覆水DOM A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃大于非汛期.汛期DOM受陆源腐殖质和生物源的共同影响,而非汛期主要受微生物活动的影响.汛期蛋白质类和腐殖质类物质的浓度水平显著低于非汛期,非汛期蛋白质类组分相对占比较多,而汛期腐殖质类组分相对占比较多.在汛期,上覆水DOM中C1、C3、C4组分的最大荧光强度可间接反映北运河富营养化的潜在风险.     

基于因子分析的石化企业安全领导力评估系统构建

针对企业管理层安全领导力评估客观性、准确性不足的问题,通过借鉴优秀做法,分析岗位职责要求,采用半结构化(BEI)企业实地访谈及内容分析技术等,初步构建安全领导力评估指标体系,并对其进行验证优化,最终确定指标体系包括7个维度的关键要素及30个子要素。应用在某企业,结果显示:评估系统可实现安全领导力评估的量化分级和趋势分析,有助于找出管理者实际水平与指标体系要求之间的差距,为企业安全管理水平提升提供科学依据。     

纳污河流抗性基因和微生物群落相关性

通过Miseq高通量测序分析和荧光定量PCR技术,研究某纳污河流中四环素类与磺胺类抗性基因（ARGs）的分布特征、传播情况及微生物群落结构相关性.结果表明：在河流地表水与沉积物中均检测到四环素类抗性基因tetA和tetB与磺胺类抗性基因sul1和sul2,四环素类抗性基因和磺胺类抗性基因的绝对丰度分别为5.09×10³~1.26×10⁷,3.94×10⁵~1.32×10⁹copics/L,磺胺sul1抗生素抗性基因丰度显著高于其它基因;河流主要优势菌门为Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria和Cyanobacteria,其平均总相对丰度占总比例的95.62%,且总体差异较小.抗性基因与微生物群落冗余分析显示,Methylotenera菌属是影响tetA抗性基因分布丰度的主要因素,Dechloromonas和Clostridium sensu stricto 1菌属是影响tetB抗性基因分布丰度的主要因素,Dechloromonas、Clostridium sensu stricto 1和Methylotenera菌属是影响sul1、sul2抗性基因分布丰度的主要因素.     

气象和排放变化对PM2.5污染的定量影响

基于WRF-CMAQ模型系统定量分析了气象和排放因素对全国及重点区域PM_2.5污染影响程度.从年度特征来看,与2015年相比,2016年、2017年全国空气质量明显改善,PM_2.5年均浓度分别下降7%和14%;2016年气象条件总体转好,气象因素和排放因素变化导致全国PM_2.5年均浓度下降幅度分别为4%和3%;2017年全国气象条件与2015年相比基本持平,大气污染物排放量下降是PM_2.5污染减轻的决定因素.除汾渭平原外,京津冀及周边地区"2+26"城市、长三角、成渝地区空气中的PM_2.5年均浓度持续下降;珠三角气象条件变化对PM_2.5影响较大,2017年导致PM_2.5浓度上升了29%;除汾渭平原外,其他4个重点地区的污染物排放变化导致PM_2.5年均浓度下降且2017年的下降幅度进一步加大,说明污染管控措施的环境效益明显.从季节特征来看,气象影响值的区域性差异明显.本文分析方法可用于制定空气质量目标或者评估污染控制方案的环境效果.     

Determination of paraquat in water samples using a sensitive fluorescent probe titration method

Paraquat (PQ), a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values (ΔF) showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0×10^-8 to 1.2× 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35×10^-9 mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the guest were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.