产毒微囊藻mcyA基因荧光定量PCR方法的建立

针对微囊藻毒素合成酶基因mcyA探索一种适用于自然水样中微囊藻毒素产毒潜能检测的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法.该方法从铜绿微囊藻FACHB-1279中的mcyA基因中扩增出目的基因片段,用TA克隆方法将基因片段插入Allel TA vector (ABP-CETAVEC020)中来制备质粒标准晶.通过不同连续稀释...     

浅谈企业清洁生产审核绩效的量化体现

企业清洁生产审核能够取得绩效是企业接受清洁生产审核的根本原因。绩效的量化是审核成果的集中直观体现。通过对审核绩效量化意义的阐述,进而提出量化应包含内容及量化过程中关键问题的把握。     

镇域生态环境风险定量分析

随着中国城市规模逐步增大,大量高污染的工业由城区迁往郊区,城镇周边的生态环境质量恶化趋势明显;同时,中国目前对于乡镇的环境问题关注不够,缺乏有针对性的城镇生态环境评价方法。本文在总结前人成果的基础上,提出了镇域生态安全风险定量分析的评价指标体系以及GRP-IAHP-R评价模型,然后通过实地收集数据,使用该方法对武汉某郊区进行了定量风险分析。通过理论分析和实地验证表明,该方法不仅对生态环境风险进行评价是可行的、可靠的、客观的,而且能很好地反映生态环境现状,是适合中国城镇进行生态环境风险定量计算与分析的方法。     

Purification of total DNA extracted from activated sludge

Purification of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge samples was studied. The effects of extraction buffers and lysis treatments (lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sonication, mechanical mill and thermal shock) on yield and purity of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge were investigated. It was found that SDS and mechanical mill were the most effective ways for cell lysis, and both gave the highest DNA yields, while by SDS and thermal shock, the purest DNA extract could be obtained. The combination of SDS with other lysis treatment, such as sonication and thermal shock, could apparently increase the DNA yields but also result in severe shearing. For the purification of the crude DNA extract, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone was used for the removal of humic contaminants. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, potassium acetate and phenol/chloroform were used to remove proteins and polysaccharides from crude DNA. Crude DNA was further purified by isopropanol precipitation. Thus, a suitable protocol was proposed for DNA extraction, yielding about 49.9 mg (total DNA)/g volatile suspended solids, and the DNA extracts were successfully used in PCR amplifications for 16S rDNA and 16S rDNA V3 region. The PCR products of 16S rDNA V3 region allowed the DGGE analysis (denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) to be possible.     

太湖主体湖区对梅梁湾藻类影响定量化研究

针对太湖梅梁湾独特的地理位置和富营养化严重的问题,利用太湖水量水质模型和梅梁湾藻类生长模型,在对模型进行了率定、验证的基础下,模拟了在东南风和西北风两种常见风向的条件下,太湖主体湖区对梅梁湾内营养盐浓度和藻类浓度的影响情况,并将其影响定量化。本次模拟较好地反映了太湖主体湖区在两种常见风场的条件下对梅梁湾内水质影响情况。模拟得到以下结果：在不考虑风场和流场的情况下,梅梁湾内部2001年8月藻类平均浓度为43.18 mg/m³,总氮浓度为2.48 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.248 mg/L,只考虑东南风引起流场的情况下,藻类浓度为41.92 mg/m3,总氮浓度为2.07 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.231 mg/L;考虑东南风风场和流场两个因素的情况下,藻类浓度为53.86 mg/m3,总氮浓度为2.06 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.229 mg/L;同期,只考虑西北风风场的情况下,藻类浓度为42.55 mg/m³,总氮浓度为2.19 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.232 mg/L;考虑西北风风场和流场两个因素的情况下,藻类浓度为50.71 mg/m³,总氮浓度为2.17 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.233 mg/L。结果表明,梅梁湾内部的氮、磷等营养盐浓度受到由太湖主体湖区的风场变化引起的湖流扰动的一定影响;太湖主体湖区对梅梁湾内部藻类浓度的影响主要是由藻类漂移引起的,由营养盐浓度改变而引起的藻类浓度变化非常小。     

Investigating hazardous factors affecting freeway crash injury severity incorporating real-time weather data: Using a Bayesian multinomial logit model with conditional autoregressive priors

Introduction: It has been demonstrated that weather conditions have significant impacts on freeway safety. However, when employing an econometric model to examine freeway crash injury severity, most of the existing studies tend to categorize several different adverse weather conditions such as rainy, snowy, and windy conditions into one category, “adverse weather,” which might lead to a large amount of information loss and estimation bias. Hence, to overcome this issue, real-time weather data, the value of meteorological elements when crashes occurred, are incorporated into the dataset for freeway crash injury analysis in this study. Methods: Due to the possible existence of spatial correlations in freeway crash injury data, this study presents a new method, the spatial multinomial logit (SMNL) model, to consider the spatial effects in the framework of the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In the SMNL model, the Gaussian conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior is adopted to capture the spatial correlation. In this study, the model results of the SMNL model are compared with the model results of the traditional multinomial logit (MNL) model. In addition, Bayesian inference is adopted to estimate the parameters of these two models. Result: The result of the SMNL model shows the significance of the spatial terms, which demonstrates the existence of spatial correlation. In addition, the SMNL model has a better model fitting ability than the MNL model. Through the parameter estimate results, risk factors such as vertical grade, visibility, emergency medical services (EMS) response time, and vehicle type have significant effects on freeway injury severity. Practical Application: According to the results, corresponding countermeasures for freeway roadway design, traffic management, and vehicle design are proposed to improve freeway safety. For example, steep slopes should be avoided if possible, and in-lane rumble strips should be recommended for steep down-slope segments. Besides, traffic volume proportion of large vehicles should be limited when the wind speed exceeds a certain grade.     

北京市废旧荧光灯管回收现状与综合利用对策

为响应国家节能减排的号召,北京市自2004年起投入使用了大量的节能灯,节能灯灯管含有的汞对水环境造成严重的污染隐患,国家出台了一些关于危险废物回收处理,一定程度上减轻了废旧节能灯管对环境造成的污染。本文通过调查问卷的方式,进行统计、分析总结了北京市废旧荧光灯管回收现状,并根据实际情况提出综合利用建议。     

高硫抗生素废水连续处理系统的pH调控特征研究

以批量处理系统的pH调控特征为对照,研究了不同pH水平(7.0、5.1、4.1)对高硫抗生素废水微好氧连续处理效果和污泥中细菌和酵母菌含量的影响.结果表明,随着曝气柱pH水平的降低,高硫抗生素废水连续处理系统3阶段的COD去除率分别为53%、42%、45%,BOD5去除率分别为79%、58%、50%,污泥脱氢酶活性(TF/MLSS.t)分别为47 088、10 506、14 390mg/(g.h).扫描电镜和荧光原位杂交-流式细胞术联用技术检测结果表明,曝气柱pH值变化并不影响连续小试3阶段污泥中细菌与酵母菌含量,并且细菌始终占据优势地位(含量均达到98%以上).pH水平对高硫抗生素废水批量处理系统和连续处理系统的处理效果存在同样的影响,pH水平并不能作为高硫抗生素废水连续处理系统中细菌和酵母菌含量的调控手段.     

HSE管理体系量化审核方法浅析

对油田企业各二级单位HSE管理体系审核结果存在的问题及其原因进行了分析,提出对审核方法进行量化改进分析,力求通过量化的审核方式,使HSE管理体系审核结果的一致性和客观性有所提高。     

荧光定量PCR技术在环境监测中的应用研究

实时荧光定量PCR是在PCR基础上发展起来的一种核酸定量技术,此技术灵敏度高,特异性强。目前也已被国内外应用在环境监测方面。如可以用此方法来监测环境中微生物在河流中随季节的变化情况,评价菌的富集情况,快速检测微生物等。随着此技术的不断发展,此方法在环境监测方面将会有广阔的应用前景。