煤体初始瓦斯涌出规律预测煤巷突出危险性研究

为提高煤巷突出危险性预测的准确性,基于摩尔库伦准则,建立煤巷突出平衡方程,探究煤巷突出发生条件;通过COM-SOL Multiphysics模拟软件探究钻孔瓦斯涌出量和瓦斯压力的关系;利用ZTL20/1000-Z型矿用隔爆型连续流量法煤层巷道突出预测装置,以薛湖煤矿二煤层为试验对象,进行煤巷突出危险性预测试验研究.结果...     

Derivation of predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol based on Chinese resident species

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common chemical intermediate and a by-product of water chlorination and combustion processes, and is a priority pollutant of the aquatic environment in many countries. Although information on the toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP is available, there is a lack of information on the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4,6-TCP, mainly due to the shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP on six different resident Chinese aquatic species were determined. PNEC values were calculated and compared by use of two approaches: assessment factor (AF) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Values for acute toxicity ranged from 1.1 mg L⁻¹ (Plagiognathops microlepis) to 42 mg L⁻¹ (Corbicula fluminea) and the sub-chronic no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) ranged from 0.05 mg L⁻¹ (Mylopharyngodon piceus) to 2.0 mg L⁻¹ (C. fluminea). PNECs obtained by the assessment factor approach with acute (AF = 1000, 0.001 mg L⁻¹) or chronic (AF = 10, 0.005 mg L⁻¹) toxicity data were one order of magnitude less than those from SSD methods (0.057 mg L⁻¹). PNEC values calculated using SSD methods with a 50% certainty for 2,4,6-TCP was less than those obtained by use of the USEPA recommend final chronic value (FCV) method (0.097 mg L⁻¹) and the one obtained by use of the USEPA recommend acute-to-chronic (ACR) methods (0.073 mg L⁻¹). PNECs derived using AF methods were more protective and conservative than that derived using SSD methods.     

中国自然灾害灾情统计现状及展望

自然灾害灾情统计是灾害评估、应急救助、灾后恢复重建等工作的基础。本文从我国自然灾害灾情统计的现状出发，认为灾种界定不清、统计内容不规范、尚未建立高效的灾情上报系统是我国灾情统计工作中存在的几大问题。建立规范的灾情统计标准和对重大自然灾害事件的统计制度、建立灾情统计的评估方法、提高基层灾情统计人员素质等，是推动我国灾情统计工作快速发展的主要途径。     

应用SSIM模型反演与评估二氧化硫污染面源

针对在缺少有效二氧化硫低空面源排放清单的情况下,应用SSIM(SourceStrengthInversedModel)模式对SO2低空面源源强的反演功能,完成了天津市蓝天工程改燃措施实施后二氧化硫相对量化改善效果的模拟评估,同时模拟了SO2面源源强改善前后的空间分布,取得了较理想的效果。该模式所解决的污染面源源强核查难点问题,在城市大气环境容量核定中具有通用指导作用。     

固定源氮氧化物排放及控制技术应用

固定源是氮氧化物排放的一个主要来源。通过对主要固定源氮氧化物生成机理及现有的排放控制技术进行论述，分析我国固定源氮氧化物排放的实际情况，提出我国固定源氮氧化物排放控制还处于起步阶段，氮氧化物排放标准相对宽松，氮氧化物排放控制技术有待进一步普及，并提出固定源氮氧化物排放治理的一些建议。     

深海钻井立管系统紧急脱离反冲耦合效应研究

目的探究顶端平台激励和泄流效应对深海钻井立管紧急脱离反冲动态响应的耦合作用。方法采用集中质量法,据外力矩阵和内流液柱加速度计算方法的不同来构造钻井立管紧急脱离反冲响应四种分析模型,利用Newmark-β方法探究大长径比深海钻井立管在紧急脱离时,顶端浮式平台和管内泄流柱(钻井液泄流和海水注入过程)对立管反冲响应的耦合效应。结果顶端平台激励和泄流效应对钻井立管紧急脱离反冲过程,尤其是断开初始阶段立管低端总成和油井口的距离有重要影响。结论在深海立管紧急脱离动态特性分析以及优化设计控制系统时,必须考虑顶端平台和管内泄流柱对反冲立管的共同耦合作用。     

我国现行排污费征收办法及标准诸问题探讨

我国现行的排污费征收办法及标准存在着起征费的计征额时间界定不清、达标污水收费额高于某些超标污水的收费额，收费项目少、收费标准偏低，城市污水处理厂的排污费和监督管理不明确等一系列问题，应予以确定以增强执法的严肃性。     

城市污水排放与浑河(沈阳段)水质相关性分析

首先,在论述沈阳市城市排水系统概况及"十五"期间沈阳市城市污水排放状况的基础上,对受城市污水排放影响较大的浑河沈阳沈大铁路桥至七台子桥,水质中主要污染物化学需氧量、氨氮浓度值和城市污水中化学需氧量、氨氮浓度值的变化情况进行了相关性分析;采用综合污染指数法和断面污染物通量计算方法,对该河段水质综合污染指数与城市污水入河污染物总量进行了相关性分析,同时,对断面污染物通量与城市污水入河污染物总量进行了相关性分析,从中可以量化得出城市污水排放与地表水水质的相关性.     

Thermal runaway criterion for chemical reaction systems: A modified divergence method

The chemical reaction in certain range of operating conditions may exhibit parametric sensitivity where small changes in one or more of the input parameters lead to changes in the output variables (eg. reaction temperature). The sharp rise of the reaction temperature is a critical behavior that may lead to runaway conditions. Thus, it is of vital importance to determine the critical operating parameters consisting of the parametric sensitivity region under the consideration of intrinsic safety. In this paper, a modified divergence criterion is proposed based on the trace of Jacobian matrix at the maximum temperature. The nonlinear differential equations describing the dynamic behavior of the chemical reaction is linearized locally in the vicinity of the equilibrium point by the small perturbation analysis. The relationship between the perturbation equation and parametric sensitivity of the reaction system is investigated. The critical values computed by the modified divergence criterion are compared with Morbidelli and Varma criterion (MV criterion), Adler and Enig criterion (AE criterion) and divergence criterion (Div criterion). The comparison demonstrates the validity of the new criterion. In addition, the critical explosion pressures of two kinds of hazardous chemicals are computed by the various critical criteria and compared with published experimental data. The results show that the modified divergence criterion could give smaller computational error compared with the previous criteria.