纳米铁去除废水中硫离子的研究

研究了实验室自制的纳米铁对人工配制的含硫废水中S2-吸附的影响因素、吸附等温线、吸附动力学.并对纳米铁去除S2-的机制进行了初探.结果表明.增加纳米铁的投加量能增大S2-的去除率;增加初始S2-浓度,去除率下降,<100 mg·L-1的初始S2-浓度能被10 g·L-1纳米铁完全去除;纳米铁对S2-的吸附能力随pH值的升高而下降.且变化较大,pH为2、7、13时的去除率分别为87.34%、65.80%和44.61%;25℃时纳米铁对S2-的吸附能力最强,平衡吸附量为19.17 mg·g-1;温度升高或降低,吸附能力均下降,但变化不大;纳米铁对S2-的吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程;纳米铁吸附S2-的过程符合拟二级动力学方程,初始时刻的吸附速率h在25℃最大,为1.575 3 mg·(g·mg)-1,而吸附速率常数随温度的升高而增大;吸附反应的活化能E.为8.22 kJ·mol-1;纳米铁对S2-的去除主要是通过形成表面络合物、硫氢基氧化铁和硫化铁(FeS、FeS2、FeSn)沉淀吸附在纳米铁表面来去除.     

稀土对低浓度硫化氢液相催化氧化净化效率的影响

采用液相催化氧化法净化低浓度H2S,系统研究了反应温度、pH值及助催化剂--稀土(La、Ce)的加入量对吸收液净化效率和硫容量的影响.结果显示,在优化的实验条件下(原料气H2S浓度720～920mg·m-3、反应温度60℃、pH=9.0、Fe3+浓度0.05mol·L-1、吸收液体积50mL)添加表面恬性剂磺基水杨酸和稀土助催化剂后.吸收液具有较高的净化效率(98%以上)和较大的硫容量(4g·L-1以上).     

炼油企业硫化氢危害识别与中毒防治措施

介绍了炼油行业硫化氢中毒的现状,识别了炼油企业硫化氢危害,分析了硫化氢中毒的事故原因,并介绍了三级预防的防治措施。     

硫化氢的净化技术及研究进展

综合评述了硫化氢废气的各类净化方法及最新的研究进展。硫化氢废气常规净化的方法有氧化法、吸收法、吸附法等,目前净化硫化氢废气的主要新技术,包括生物法、臭氧氧化法、电化学法和电子束照微波分解法。重点论述了生物法和电化学法净化工艺,生物法主要用于低浓度大气量的硫化氢废气的处理,具有设备简单、运行费用低,较少形成二次污染等优点;电化学法具有处理效率高、操作简便、不产生副产物或二次污染物等优点。这两种方法发展前景非常广阔,是今后发展的一个方向。     

Detonation flows in aluminium particle gas suspensions,inhomogeneous in concentrations

A physical and mathematical model of the reduced kinetics is presented describing heterogeneous detonation in suspensions non-uniform in particle concentration. The model is based on the heterogeneous media approaches, semi-empirical laws of ignition and combustion, and data on the dependence of the detonation velocity on particle concentration. Formation of suboxides and incomplete combustion of aluminum are taken into account integrally. The dependence of the heat release of chemical reactions and the fraction of unburnt particles on the initial composition is determined from the solution of the stationary problem of the structure of the detonation wave. In the calculations of unsteady detonation flows, it is supposed to solve an additional equation for the spatial distribution of initial concentrations. The problems of initiation and development of cellular detonation in flat channels in suspensions of micron-sized aluminum particles are studied. Dependences of the cell size on particle concentration in uniform suspensions are determined. The flow patterns of cellular structures, the forms of the leading front, and the propagation velocities in channels with longitudinal or transversal gradients of particle concentration are analyzed.     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

Temperature dependence of the absolute rate constant for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were measured in a 200-L Teflon chamber over the temperature range of 283-353 K. Measurements were carried out using DMS in large excess over ozone of 10 to 1 or greater. Over the indicated temperature range,the data could be fit to the simple Arrhenius expression as KDMS = (9.96±3.61)×10-11exp(-(7309.7±1098.2)/T)cm3/(molecule·s). A compared investigation of the reaction between ozone and ethene had a kc2H4 value of(1.35±0.11)×10-18 cm3/(molecule·s) at room temperature.     

硫化碱短旋转窑炉粉尘及二氧化硫的治理技术运用初探

拳文通过对硫化碱企业粉尘及二氧化硫污染治理技术进行探索,并结合企业实际,初步对硫化碱短旋转窑炉的粉尘及二氧化硫进行综合治理,取得了一定的成效。     

曝气充氧对污水中硫化物去除效果的研究

为了降低污水中高浓度硫化物对构筑物的腐蚀以及人体的危害,在预处理设施沉砂池中进行曝气充氧试验,研究了不同的曝气量(3 m3/h、4 m3/h、6 m3/h、8 m3/h)和不同的水力停留时间(10 min、20 min、30 min)对污水中硫化物去除效果的影响,并探讨硫化物的氧化效果。试验结果表明:反应器出水中的硫化物浓度随着曝气量、水力停留时间的增大而降低;硫化物的氧化效果随着曝气量的增加,呈先减小后增大的趋势。在最佳曝气量4 m3/h、停留时间30 min时,硫化物平均去除率为94.6%,平均氧化率为83.8%。     

红树林湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属分布特征——以珠江口淇澳岛为例

红树林湿地沉积物的独特理化性质使其能够大量富集河口重金属,为了研究珠江口湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属的分布特征及影响因素,采用重铬酸钾氧化-还原容量法、并联氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析法、等离子体发射光谱法及X射线荧光光谱法等分析了淇澳岛红树林不同生境下沉积物柱状样的基本理化性质、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步浸提...