Adsorption-oxidation of hydrogen sulfide on Fe/walnut-shell activated carbon surface modified by NH3-plasma

Walnut-shell activated carbon(WSAC) supported ferric oxide was modified by non-thermal plasma(NTP), and the removal efficiency for hydrogen sulfide over Fe/WSAC modified by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) was significantly promoted. The sample modified for10 min and 6.8 k V output(30 V input voltage) maintained 100% H2 S conversion over a long reaction time of 390 min. The surface properties of adsorbents modified by NTP under different conditions were evaluated by the methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis and in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), to help understand the effect of the NTP treatment. NTP treatment enhanced the adsorption capacity of Fe/WSAC, which could due to the formation of micro-pores with sizes of0.4, 0.5 and 0.75 nm. XPS revealed that chemisorbed oxygen changed into lattice oxygen after NTP treatment, and lattice oxygen is beneficial for H2 S oxidation. From the in-situ FTIR result,transformation of the reaction path on Fe/WSAC was observed after NTP modification. The research results indicate that NTP is an effective method to improve the surface properties of the Fe/WSAC catalyst for H2 S adsorption-oxidation.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of rGO/TiO2 for the decomposition of formaldehyde under visible light irradiation

Due to the low concentration of indoor air contaminants,photocatalytic technology shows low efficiency for indoor air purification.The application of TiO_2 for photocatalytic removal of formaldehyde is limited,because TiO_2 can only absorb ultraviolet(UV) light.Immobilization of TiO_2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene can improve the visible light photocatalytic activity and the adsorption capacity.In this study,rGO(reduced graphene oxide)/TiO_2 was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using titanium tetrabutoxide and graphene oxide as precursors,and was used for the degradation of low concentration formaldehyde in indoor air under visible light illumination.Characterization of the crystalline structure and morphology of rGO/TiO_2 revealed that most GO was reduced to rGO during the hydrothermal treatment,and anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles(with particle size of 15–30 nm) were dispersed well on the surface of the rGO sheets.rGO/TiO_2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of formaldehyde in indoor air and this can be attributed to the role of rGO,which can act as the electron sink and transporter for separating photo-generated electron–hole pairs through interfacial charge transfer.Furthermore,rGO could adsorb formaldehyde molecules from air to produce a high concentration of formaldehyde on the surface of rGO/TiO_2.Under visible light irradiation for 240 min,the concentration of formaldehyde could be reduced to 58.5 ppbV.rGO/TiO_2 showed excellent moisture-resistance behavior,and after five cycles,r GO/TiO_2 maintained high photocatalytic activity for the removal of formaldehyde(84.6%).This work suggests that the synthesized rGO/TiO_2 is a promising photocatalyst for indoor formaldehyde removal.     

离子色谱法测定钻井废水中的S~(2-)

川东气田生产过程中产生的废水含有硫化物,且色度深、浊度大。为测定废水中的Ｓ２－含量,实验探索了将Ｓ２－氧化成ＳＯ２－４后用离子色谱测定的方法。进行了Ｓ２－的转化率实验,结果表明：Ｓ２－含量在０～２．７ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内可以被完全氧化成ＳＯ２－４,转化率为９８．８％～１０８．０％。同时进行了该方法的精密度和准确度实验,并与碘量法进行了对比,对同一标样和实际样品的测定两种方法的结果吻合较好,该方法测定钻井废水中的Ｓ２－含量,可以避免色度、浊度的干扰,且简便、灵敏、准确     

白云石的硫化氢高温脱除性能研究

用天然白云石制备了半焙烧白云石和全焙烧白云石，并在固定床上对这些白云石进行硫化氢的高温脱除性能研究，同时考察了反应温度、空速、粒子粒径对白云石脱硫性能的影响。用X射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析（TG）和气体吸附等测试手段，对脱硫剂的物相组成、结构、比表面积和孔容进行了表征。结果表明，白云石是一种很好的吸硫剂。在同样条件下，3种白云石中半焙烧白云石具有最好的脱硫效果；而对于同一种白云石，反应条件的差异也会导致其脱硫效果的变化。白云石的脱硫性能与其微观结构有密切关系。     

二氧化氯对水中无机污染物的去除效果研究

本文通过模拟水厂混凝沉淀－过滤工艺，研究了ＣｌＯ２抽量和投加点对水中Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋，Ｓ＾２－ＣＮ＾－污染物的去除效果，并与液氯进行了对比，结果表明，随ＣｌＯ２投量增大，去除率也增加，且ＣｌＯ２效果优于液氯；后投ＣｌＯ２的去除效果好于中间投和预投ＣｌＯ２，且可省药，这为ＣｌＯ２在饮用水中的应用提供了科学依据。     

硫化钠对土壤汞、镉、铅的植物可利用性的调控

针对重庆市蔬菜重金属污染现状,通过盆栽试验,研究了硫化钠对污染土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb活性的影响及它们在植物体内的积累效应,筛选出控制叶菜类蔬菜中汞、镉、铅等重金属污染物进入蔬菜的经济有效、易于实施的化学添加剂用量,为蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染控制提供可靠的技术措施。分析结果表明,硫化钠能减少土壤中Hg、Cd的残留量,增加Hg、Cd的植物可利用性;降低土壤Pb的活性,减少Pb的植物可利用性。当硫化钠施用量为0.00351 thm-2时,植物体Pb质量分数下降了23.8%,同时使植物的生物量增加。     

无色硫细菌氧化SRB还原硫酸盐产物硫化氢生成单质硫

以人工合成含硫化物废水作为进水 ,采用以陶粒为填料、小试规模的逆流式和顺流式好氧CSB(无色硫细菌 )生物膜反应器 ,在常温 ( 1 7℃～2 2℃ )、HRT为 2 6min、进水pH为 7.0和对反应器中pH不进行控制的条件下 ,研究了利用CSB将水中硫化物转化成单质硫的可行性及条件。实验表明 :为达到硫的最大回收率 ,在硫化物低负荷(NS <6 .1kg/ (m3 ·d) )时建议采用顺流式 ,高负荷 (NS>6 .1kg/ (m3 ·d) )时采用逆流式 ;反应器内的最佳DO值与进水硫化物容积负荷呈线性关系 ,出水pH值和出水pH值的升高值与硫的回收率呈线性关系。此外还研究了反冲洗对生物脱硫效果的影响及尾气中H2 S的生物去除     

生物膜法控制硫化氢气体污染的试验研究

利用固定生物膜滤池控制硫化氢气体是一种经济有效的方法。试验条件是：温度２０℃～３３℃、滤层喷淋水量６００ｌ／ｍ３·ｄ。当进气Ｈ２Ｓ浓度Ｃｉｎ≤２３０ｍｇ／ｍ３，生物滤池Ｈ２Ｓ负荷Ｌ≤５６０ｇＨ２Ｓ／ｍ３·ｄ时，Ｈ２Ｓ去除率达到１００％，当Ｃｉｎ≤５７０ｍｇ／ｍ３，Ｌ≤２４３０ｇＨ２Ｓ／ｍ３·ｄ时，Ｈ２Ｓ去除率高于９８％，出气中Ｈ２Ｓ浓度≤１０ｍｇ／ｍ３。     

二甲基硫醚的真空紫外光电子谱

本文测定了二甲基硫醚（ＤＭＳ）的真空紫外光电子能谱（ＵＰＳ），实验测得的ＤＭＳ的各Ｉｖ（ｃＶ）值与Ｋｉｍｕｒａ的结果一致。８．７９，１１．２９ｅＶ峰指认为硫原子孤对电子ｎｇ，ｎｓ的电子电离，１２．６２ｅＶ峰相应于σｃｓ价电子电离，１４．０３－１５．４２ｅＶ的四个峰相应于πＣＨ３－，πＣＨ３＋电子电离，紫外光辐照影响ＤＭＳ的ＵＰＳ，显示在πＣＨ３有变化。微波放电时ＤＭＳ的ＵＰＳ有明显的影响，有许多新     

Experimental and modeling investigations on the unexpected hydrogen sulfide rebound in a sewer receiving nitrate addition: Mechanism and solution

Biogenic hydrogen sulfide is an odorous, toxic and corrosive gas released from sewage in sewers. To control sulfide generation and emission, nitrate is extensively applied in sewer systems for decades. However, the unexpected sulfide rebound after nitrate addition is being questioned in recent studies. Possible reasons for the sulfide rebounds have been studied, but the mechanism is still unclear, so the countermeasure is not yet proposed. In this study, a lab-scale sewer system was developed for investigating the unexpected sulfide rebounds via the traditional strategy of nitrate addition during 195-days of operation. It was observed that the sulfide pollution was even severe in a sewer receiving nitrate addition. The mechanism for the sulfide rebound can be differentiated into short-term and long-term effects based on the dominant contribution. The accumulation of intermediate elemental sulfur in biofilm resulted in a rapid sulfide rebound via the high-rate sulfur reduction after the depletion of nitrate in a short period. The presence of nitrate in sewer promoted the microorganism proliferation in biofilm, increased the biofilm thickness, re-shaped the microbial community and enhanced biological denitrification and sulfur production, which further weakened the effect of nitrate on sulfide control during the long-term operation. An optimized biofilm-initiated sewer process model demonstrated that neither the intermittent nitrate addition nor the continuous nitrate addition was a sustainable strategy for the sulfide control. To minimize the negative impact from sulfide rebounds, a (bi)monthly routine maintenance (e.g., hydraulic flushing with nitrate spike) to remove the proliferative microorganism in biofilm is necessary.