东海近岸沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的分布研究

研究了东海近岸沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)的水平分布和垂直分布.由于该区域水深较浅、水的垂直交换带来的氧的补充,表层沉积物中AVS的含量较低,大部分站位低于检出限.而对于AVS的垂直分布,其含量范围为0～5.82 μmol/g.不同站位检出AVS的深度不同,这主要是由有机质含量和沉积物的孔隙度控制的,高有机质含量和低孔隙度将有利于AVS的生成.从可检测到AVS的层次以深,AVS含量基本随深度增加,呈现出较稳定的沉积状态.通过与不同沉积环境的AVS的测定结果进行比较发现,不同沉积环境下AVS的含量存在一定差异,研究区域AVS的含量与珠江口附近沉积物相近.     

Environmental chamber study of the photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl sulfide and Nox

A series of experiments were conducted in a self-made smog chamber at 300 ± 1 K and 1.01×105 Pa to simulate the photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl sulfide (EMS) and NOx. The results show that the higher the initial concentration of EMS, the more ozone is generated in the simulative reactions. It is found that the light intensity plays a very important role in the evaluation of ozone formation potential for EMS. The parameters of d(O3-NO) and IR (incremental reactivity) were used to quantify the potential of EMS on ozone formation. The obtained maximum IR values in this paper for the five simulative reactions were 1.55×10-2, 0.99×10-2, 1.36×10-2, 2.47×10-2, and 1.65×10-2, respectively. Comparison between the results we obtained here and the results we obtained before for di-tert-butyl peroxide and acetylene was made and it showed that the potential reactivity of EMS on ozone formation is at a relatively low level.     

含磷和硫化钠污染土壤修复及无害化处理可行性探讨

通过土壤性质分析针对含磷和硫化钠污染土壤,进行修复处理技术及实践应用可行性探讨,提出灌注氧化剂的化学修复方案及应用措施与对策,可使含磷和硫化钠污染土壤无害化,该法可操作,效果好,节约修复成本,防止二次污染物迁移．有效修复土地功能。     

二段生物接触氧化法处理含硫废水的中试研究

用二段生物接触氧化法探索炼油过程中所产生的含硫废水的处理新方法． 结果表明：经此工艺处理后的出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ、氨氮、硫化物和酚的质量浓度ρ分别为２６６ ．９ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、８２ ．８５ ｍｇ／ Ｌ、１ ．１８ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 和１ ．４３ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,相应的去除率分别为８６ ．３ ％ 、４０ ％ 、９２ ．７ ％ 和９９ ．３ ％ ,出水水质达到国家三级排放标准． 进出水水质的变化曲线表明,生物接触氧化法处理含硫废水对进水水质变化的适应能力比较强,出水水质比较稳定,显示了二段接触氧化法处理含硫废水的可行性     

硫化物沉淀法处理含EDTA的重金属废水

在运用MINTEQA2模型对模拟重金属废水和EDTA萃取液中重金属离子形态进行分析的基础上,选用Na₂S沉淀法处理含EDTA的重金属废水. 结果表明:没有含EDTA的重金属废水,Cd2＋,Cu2＋,Pb2＋和Zn2＋是重金属离子的主要形态;而在含EDTA的模拟重金属废水和重金属萃取液中,重金属络合物是重金属离子的主要形态. 在c(EDTA)为0的条件下,Cd2＋,Cu2＋和Pb2＋的去除率达到100%,而Zn2＋的去除率仅为57.0%;随着c(EDTA)的增加,相同c(Na₂S)对废水中重金属的去除率逐渐下降. 在一定c(EDTA)的条件下,废水中重金属的去除率随着c(Na₂S)的增加而增加;但是在相同c(Na₂S)的条件下,Zn2＋的去除率较Cd2＋,Cu2＋和Pb2＋低. 工程实例进一步表明,Na₂S能够有效去除含EDTA重金属萃取液中的重金属离子,而完全去除Zn2＋则需要高浓度的Na₂S.      

生物硫铁复合材料处理含铬废水及铬资源化研究

研究了由硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)与其原位生成的纳米硫铁化合物组成的生物硫铁复合材料(生物硫铁)的耐铬性能和再生性能,并利用其再生特性,设计了处理高浓度含铬废水及铬资源化的还原-再生循环处理工艺.结果表明,生物硫铁处理含铬废水后,污泥中的SRB仍具有活性,能以反应产物Fe3+和S单质为电子受体,重新生成生物硫铁;而且SRB在Cr(VI)浓度600mg/L的废水中仍能存活并逐渐将Cr(VI)去除.还原-再生循环处理工艺处理含铬废水结果表明,出水Cr(VI)低于0.019mg/L,总Cr低于0.929mg/L,能达标排放.经10个循环处理后污泥中铬(Cr2O3)含量达到40.47%,铬铁比达到6.98,污泥达到冶金级(湿法冶炼铬)铬矿标准和化工级铬矿标准,可资源化利用.     

Preparation,characterization of sludge adsorbent and investigations on its removal of hydrogen sulfide under room temperature

To recycle the sludge resource from sewage treatment plants and solve the problem of odor pollution, the sludge was converted into an adsorbent by carbonized pyrolysis and the process was optimized by orthogonal experiments. The capability for odor removal as well as the structure of the adsorbent was studied with H₂S as a target pollutant. The results indicate that the main factor affecting the deodorization performance of the adsorbent is the activating time. The sludge adsorbent sample SAC1 prepared under optimum conditions exhibits the best deodorization performance with a H₂S breakthrough time of 58 min and an iodine value nearly that of the coal activated carbon. The breakthrough time of H₂S is much longer than that on the coal activated carbon. On the other hand, characterization results from X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques show that SAC1 is composed of mainly graphite carbon with lower oxygen content on the surface. The bulk of SAC1 exhibits a honeycomb structure with well developed porosity and a high specific surface area of 120.47 m²·g^-1, with the average pore diameter being about 5 nm. Such a structure is in favor of H₂S adsorption. Moreover, SAC1 is detected to contain various metal elements such as Zn, Fe, Mg, etc., leading to a superior deodorization property to that of coal activated carbon.     

Hydrogen sulfide removal by iron containing activated carbon

Activated carbon modified by impregnation with iron (III) chloride solution (Fe‐ACs) were studied to try to raise their adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide, a malodorous substance.

The surface area and pore volume of activated carbon were decreased by impregnation, but the amount of hydrogen sulfide adsorbed onto Fe‐AC was larger than that onto raw activated carbon (R‐AC). In particular, a large increase of the amount adsorbed onto Fe‐AC was noted at low equilibrium pressure. It was assumed that the increase of amount of hydrogen sulfide adsorbed onto Fe‐AC was due to the chemical interaction between iron (III) chloride on the pores in addition to the physical adsorption onto pores of activated carbon. Fe‐AC shows a high selectivity for hydrogen sulfide.     

含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系比对研究

含硫化氢天然气井重大事故对公众安全具有重大危害,建立和完善含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系,对于加强含硫气井应急管理,保护人民群众生命健康安全具有重要意义。针对含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准,调研了加拿大和美国等国外含硫气井开发典型地区的含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系,分析了其体系构成和标准内容,总结了其特点,比对国外含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系,基于对国内的调研,分析了我国含硫化氢天然气井公共安全技术标准体系存在的不足;通过对国内外三百多项相关标准的调研和比对分析,基于我国实际现状,分析提出了标准体系建设的相关建议,为我国含硫化氢天然气井公共安全标准体系的完善和标准制定工作提供参考。     

硫铁矿烧渣制备无机复合混凝剂聚合铁盐

对用硫铁矿烧渣制备无机复合混凝剂聚合铁盐进行了试验研究,考察了影响烧渣酸溶和铁聚合的因素。结果表明,硫酸浓度、反应时间和体系温度等是影响硫铁矿烧渣中铁溶出率的主要因素,在烧渣液溶过程中添加适当的助溶剂,不仅能够加快酸浸速度,而且还可以提高产品的混凝性能。