高含硫气井周边居民疏散安全分析方法

高含硫气井周边居民疏散安全问题是石油天然气行业面临的主要公共安全问题。笔者提出了一套周边居民疏散安全分析方法:以井喷形成的1000ppm硫化氢烟羽的最大覆盖范围作为最小疏散范围,通过泄漏扩散模拟和人员疏散模拟技术预测基于该最小疏散范围的可用安全疏散时间(ASET)和必需安全疏散时间(RSET),通过对比分析ASET和RSET便可以评估周边居民在井喷情况下的疏散安全水平,进而提出针对性的对策措施。最后,通过一个实例验证该方法的可行性。     

硫化矿石堆自燃预测预报技术

笔者在参考大量有关煤炭自燃理论研究成果的基础上,结合国内外关于硫化矿石氧化自燃的研究现状,对硫化矿石堆自燃的预测预报技术进行系统分析。概述硫化矿石氧化自热的机理;详细介绍硫化矿石的自燃倾向性测试、综合因素评价、统计经验法等预测方法;找出煤炭与硫化矿石堆自燃过程的共性,提出了数学模型模拟预测方法;阐述了标志气体分析和测温两种预报方法。展望硫化矿石堆自燃预测预报技术对硫化矿山的安全生产具有重要的指导意义。     

炼油碱渣废水中硫化物去除技术的研究进展

简单介绍了炼油碱渣废水的来源及特点,综述了近年来炼油碱渣废水中硫化物的去除技术(包括沉淀技术、氧化技术、生物技术、超声波技术、电化学技术等)的研究进展。结合各技术的特点分析指出:以催化氧化为核心,以高效、经济、条件缓和为主要目标的组合工艺的优化与集成以及新型催化剂的研发,是炼油碱渣废水中硫化物去除技术的发展趋势。     

连续流动分析法测定水和废水中的硫化物

依据IS010530：1992（E）的方法,用连续流动分析仪对多种样品（包括有色废水和标样）进行了测定。结果表明,硫化物的浓度在0～1．0mg／L的范围内,具有良好的线性,硫化物在线预处理系统使样品分析的速度大大提高,可分析20个样品／h,分析结果的相对标准偏差小于2．0,回收率92．3％～103．4％。     

Carbon benefits from Amazonian forest reserves: leakage accounting and the value of time

Amazonian forest reserves have significant carbon benefits, but the methodology used for accounting for these benefits will be critical in determining whether the powerful economic force represented by mitigation efforts to slow global warming will be applied to creating these reserves. Opportunities for reserve creation are quickly being lost as new areas are opened to deforestation though highway construction and other developments. Leakage, or the effects that a reserve or other mitigation project provokes outside of the project boundaries, is critical to a proper accounting of net carbon benefits. Protected areas in the Amazon have particularly great potential mitigation benefits over an extended time horizon. Over a 100-year time frame, virtually no unprotected forest is likely to remain, meaning that potential leakages (both leakage to the vicinity of the reserves and that displaced by removing protected areas from the land-grabbing market) should not matter much because any short-term leakage would be “recovered” eventually. The effect of the value attributed to time greatly influences the impact of leakage on benefits credited to reserves. Simple assumptions regarding leakage scenarios illustrate the benefits of reserves and the critical areas where agreement is necessary to make this option a practical component of mitigation efforts. The stakes are too high to allow further delays in reaching agreement on these issues.     

珠江口桂山岛沉积物中重金属生物毒性评价和同步萃取金属形态特征

采用冷扩散法和连续萃取方法对珠江口桂山岛附近7个位点表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步萃取重金属(SEM)和沉积物中重金属形态进行了研究.研究结果表明,表层沉积物中AVS含量较低,沉积物中重金属主要以残留态和硫化物结合态存在,其次为还原态、有机质结合态和少量弱酸提取态.Pearson相关分析表明,沉积物中SEM与Ca(r=0.677)、Al(r=0.668)和Fe(r=0.787)有显著正相关关系,而与有机碳(r=-0.908)有显著负相关关系,沉积物组分影响着重金属的生物毒性,SEM/AVS预测可能会过高估计重金属生态毒性.由150μmol.g-1(∑SEM-AVS)/fOC340μmo.lg-1,表层沉积物中重金属对底栖生物有潜在或慢性毒性作用.对沉积物样品中SEM结合特征研究表明,SEM-Cu主要为Cu弱酸提取态、还原态和硫化物结合态,另有部分有机质结合态和少量残留态;SEM-Pb和SEM-Ni主要为Pb和Ni残留态,同时还包括Pb和Ni全部弱酸提取态、还原态、有机质结合态和硫化物结合态;SEM-Zn主要为Zn弱酸提取态、还原态和硫化物结合态,另有少量的有机质结合态.     

大型原料污水罐水力清理方法

对炼油厂污水汽提装置原料污水罐的罐外水力清理方法进行了总结,重点叙述了清罐的前期准备工作．及整个施工过程应注意的关键事项。     

Remediation of sulfidic wastewater by catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation of sulfide in aqueous solution by hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of hydrated ferric oxide catalyst. The ferric oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol gel technique from ferric chloride and ammonia. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray di raction analysis, scanning electrom microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The catalyst was quite e ective in oxidizing the sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. The e ects of sulfide concentration, catalyst loading, H2O2 dosing and temperature on the kinetics of sulfide oxidation were investigated. Kinetic equations and activation energies for the catalytic oxidation reaction were calculated based on the experimental results.     

城市排水管道中硫化氢产气原因及影响因素分析

管道内的硫化氢气体可以引起管道腐蚀、恶臭、危害人体及动植物健康。硫化氢生成是一个物理、化学、生物作用的综合过程,其中有多种复杂反应交替进行。本文论述了城市污水管道中硫化氢的产生原因,包括参与反应的细菌及主要的反应过程。分析了影响管道内污水硫化氢产生的影响因素,对于工业、管道系统中生成的硫化氢产量的控制,可以通过控制这些反应的反应条件及反应物质来实现。     

炼油企业储罐排放气综合治理及回收技术

描述了炼油企业储罐逸散废气恶臭污染常用处理技术,如吸附法、碱吸收法、氧化法等,进而介绍了中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院开发的新型技术——低温油品吸收法,可使储罐废气中硫化物排放减少到1mg／m3以下,烃类物质90％以上达到回收。