土壤中硫化物预处理方法的改进

通过对土壤中硫化物测定预处理方法━━━━氮气吹气法的试验装置、预处理酸度、温度、吹气时间及载气速度等条件的研究和改进。以多孔吹球代替单孔吹管 ,在土壤的水溶液中加入NaOH、EDTA和Vc ,以NaOH -EDTA -TEA(三乙醇胺)代替Zn(Ac)2-NaAc为吸收液 ,并采取了逐步加压吹气方法 ,通过对回收率、精密度及底泥对比试验 ,效果提高显著 ,回收率由原方法的40%～60 %提高到90 %以上 ,吹气时间缩短了20 % ,装置简单 ,便于推广应用。     

铁离子湿式氧化法脱除硫化氢技术进展

综述了铁离子湿式氧化脱除H2S技术的起源及其各种方法的原理和特点。H2S的脱除速度与副反应抑制、铁离子的稳定性和再生速度是各种技术应用与改进的关键因素。生化铁一碱溶液催化脱硫方法是气体脱硫值得发展的方向。     

化学沉淀与高级氧化法处理乙烯裂解废碱液的研究

采用化学沉淀与高级氧化(UV／H2O2)法去除乙烯裂解废碱液中的硫化物及有机物。考察了影响效果的各种因素。试验结果表明：化学沉淀在反应温度为20℃、反应时间为30min、CuO与Na2S的摩尔比为1．45：1;高级氧化反应温度为40℃、反应时间为120min、H2O2的加入量(H202／COD质量比)为0．8的条件下,废碱液中S^2-的去除率可达98％以上,COD总去除率可达87％,BOD5／COD由处理前的0．21提高至0．54。     

硫化物标准溶液的配制及其稳定性研究

采用在碱性条件下加入乙酸锌－乙酸钠溶液形成硫化锌沉淀的形式配制硫化物标准溶液,可使其稳定保存。溶液酸度、水中溶解氧、痕量重金属离子存在、乙酸锌－乙酸钠纯度及光照射等因素,对硫化物标准溶液的稳定性有较大影响。实验结果表明：采用去离子除氧水、控制ｐＨ＝１０－１２、对乙酸锌－乙酸钠进行提纯等方法配制的硫化物标准使用液,室温下至少可稳定保存２个月,浓度基本不变。     

1992-2017年近25年硫化氢中毒事故统计分析研究

为系统掌握硫化氢中毒事故特征及规律,预防事故与灾害发生,本文统计分析了1992年1月至2017年12月间275起硫化氢中毒事故发生时间、区域、行业类别、企业经济类型及事故原因等。结果表明:1992—2015年我国硫化氢中毒事故总起数和死亡人数呈明显增长趋势,2005—2017年事故总起数和死亡人数呈下降趋势;硫化氢中毒事故中一般事故占45.82%,较大事故占53.45%;5、6、7、8月份是事故的高发月份;浙江、山东、上海、江苏、新疆等省份是事故多发区;事故发生主要集中在制造业行业,占事故总数的59%;主要事故经济类型是有限责任公司,占事故总数的50%;29.8%的事故因违反操作规程或劳动纪律导致,15.6%的事故因教育培训不够、缺乏安全操作知识导致。     

Native fungi as metal remediators: Silver myco-accumulation from metal contaminated waste-rock dumps (Libiola Mine,Italy)

ABSTRACT

Metal contamination constitutes a major source of pollution globally. Many recent studies emphasized the need to develop cheap and green technologies for the remediation or reclamation of environmental matrices contaminated by heavy metals. In this context, fungi are versatile organisms that can be exploited for bioremediation activities. In our work, we tested silver (Ag) bioaccumulation capabilities of three microfungal strains (Aspergillus alliaceus Thom & Church, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams) isolated from a silver polluted site. The aim was to select silver tolerant native strains and test their potential silver uptake. Among the three species tested, T. harzianum was the most efficient strain to tolerate and accumulate silver, showing an uptake capability of 153 mg L^?1 taken at the Ag concentration of 330 mg L^?1. Our study highlights the potential use of native microfungi spontaneously growing in sulphide-rich waste rock dumps, for silver bioaccumulation and bioremediation.     

活性污泥焚烧过程中镍的迁移分布特性

采用管式炉对污水厂活性污泥焚烧过程中Ni的迁移分布特性进行研究。实验结果表明：当污泥掺烧量（污泥质量与煤和污泥总质量的比）为25%时,Ni的挥发率（飞灰与气体中Ni质量的总和与污泥中Ni质量的比）几乎为零,且污泥与煤混合试样的综合燃烧效果最好;当污泥焚烧加入硫化物时,各种硫化物对Ni的残留率（炉渣中Ni的质量与污泥中Ni质量的比）提高能力大小顺序为Na₂S>S>Na₂SO₃>Na₂SO₄;当污泥焚烧加入氯化物时,促使Ni向烟气中迁移,且加入无机氯更易使Ni向烟气中迁移。     

炼油污水处理场含油污泥处理

文章分析了含油污泥的产生及处理难点,转筒式离心机的工艺流程,使用中存在的问题,并提出对策。经过转筒式离心机的脱水分离,可以减少含油污泥70%～80%的体积,如果后续采取填埋方式处理,可以节约70%～80%的运输费用,同时延长填埋场使用年限3～5倍。     

Oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide in surface sediments increases the release and toxicity of copper to the benthic amphipod Melita plumulosa

Acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) are an important metal-binding phase in sediments. For sediments that contain an excess of AVS over simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) concentrations, acute or chronic effects should not result from the metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. While AVS phases may exist in surface sediments, the exposure to dissolved oxygen may oxidize the AVS and release metals to more bioavailable forms. We investigated the role of oxidation of AVS, and specifically copper sulfide phases, in surface sediments, in the toxicity to juveniles of the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa. Sediments containing known amounts of copper sulfide were prepared either in situ by reacting dissolved copper with AVS that had formed in field sediments or created in sediments within the laboratory, or by addition of synthesised CuS to sediments. Regardless of the form of the copper sulfide, considerable oxidation of AVS occurred during the 10-d tests. Sediments that had a molar excess of AVS compared to SEM at the start of the tests, did not always have an excess at the end of the tests. Consistent with the AVS-SEM model, no toxicity was observed for sediments with an excess of AVS throughout the tests. However, the study highlights the need to carefully consider the changes in AVS concentrations during tests, and that measurements of AVS and SEM concentrations should carefully target the materials to which the organisms are being exposed throughout tests, which in the case of juvenile M. plumulosa is the top few mm of the sediments.