黄浦江底泥对多环芳烃吸附机理的研究

本文主要介绍黄浦江底泥对以蒽为代表性物质的多环芳烃的吸附研究，着重探讨其吸附机理，在实验条件下，黄浦江底泥对蒽的吸附属多分子层吸附，可用ｄｅ ＢｏｅｒＺｗｉｋｋｅｒ公式所表示的极化模型较好地描述，这表明原描述非极性气相分子在极性吸附剂上吸附的多分子层极化模型可应用于稀溶液中溶剂化蒽分子在极性吸附剂上的吸附过程，本研究认为吸附等温线上出现阶梯状形式是由于蒽－甲醇分子的溶剂作用及底泥颗粒的表面不均匀性     

A(n,k)精确公式一般形式的应用

设A(n,k)为丢番图方程sum from t=1 to k(ixi)=n的非负整数解的个数,本文利用A(n.k)精确公式一般形式非常方便地求出了A (n,4)、A(n,5)、A(n,6)、A(n,7)的精确公式,从而实质上给出了无序分拆数P(n,4)、P(n,5)、P(n,6)、P(n,7)的精确公式.此方法比过去使用的方法要方便且不需要复杂的解题技巧.     

Relevant variables to predict macrophyte communities in running waters

In both predictive theoretical and empirical models for aquatic plant communities in running waters, the development and competition are many times explained in terms of nutrients. Minerals necessary for growth are generally not assumed to be limiting, although they influence the important pH-value. At the same time it is known that factors such as oxygen-concentration, solar energy, salinity, dimension of the system and soil characteristics (including river sediments) influence the development of the community, and should be considered in modelling. Effects of water quantity and water quality on macrophytes are reviewed. These conditions are caused by processes in the landscape, characterised by a set of nested variables which explain the distribution of macrophyte species and communities. Relevant variables are described and grouped on three scales: regional, local and site conditions. Case studies with direct and indirect gradient analysis are presented. Statistical tests (stepwise regression with forward selection) reveal that each species distribution is explained by a characteristic set of relevant variables, ranging from soil type and dimension of the system, to nutrient and salinity concentration.     

Numerical methods for improving sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation of virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes

Using one- and two-dimensional homogeneous simulations, this paper addresses challenges associated with sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation for virus transport simulated using sorptive-reactive processes. Head, flow, and conservative- and virus-transport observations are considered. The paper examines the use of (1) observed-value weighting, (2) breakthrough-curve temporal moment observations, and (3) the significance of changes in the transport time-step size. The results suggest that (1) sensitivities using observed-value weighting are more susceptible to numerical solution variability, (2) temporal moments of the breakthrough curve are a more robust measure of sensitivity than individual conservative-transport observations, and (3) the transport-simulation time step size is more important than the inactivation rate in solution and about as important as at least two other parameters, reflecting the ease with which results can be influenced by numerical issues. The approach presented allows more accurate evaluation of the information provided by observations for estimation of parameters and generally improves the potential for reasonable parameter-estimation results.     

Modeling thermal effect on growth of chinese shrimp, Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck)

A couple of experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal temperature effect on growth of Chinese shrimp (Penaeus chinensis). The equation describing growth-temperature relationship derived from the first experiment with temperature ranging from 16° to 31°C was found linear as the following:

G = -0.005667 + 0.001103 T

,where G and T are daily growth rate and temperature, respectively.The second experiment indicated that the daily growth rate was a quadratic function of temperature at the limits of 27° and 35°C. The equation was

G = -0.339587 + 0.023476 T − 0.000375 T²

.The optimal temperature in terms of maximum growth was 31.26°C.     

Spatial and temporal analysis of vegetation change in agricultural landscapes: A case study of two brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) landscapes in Queensland, Australia

The majority of landscapes around the world have been modified or transformed by human activities to meet the needs of human societies. The loss of native vegetation for agricultural development affects the sustainability of growing proportion of the world's ecosystems. Factors such as land tenure, roads and agricultural intensification, together with biophysical properties, have been cited as drivers of deforestation. This paper combined analysis of the historical drivers of change with analysis of the trends of deforestation since 1945 in two brigalow landscapes (100,000 ha) in sub-tropical Australia. A selection of these drivers were then applied at a property-level (1000 ha) to test their influence on native vegetation retention. Regression trees were used to identify significant human drivers and biophysical properties, and then a generalised linear modelling approach was used to quantify the effect of these factors on the proportion of remnant native vegetation. Results showed that until the mid-20th century, government policies to intensify settlement did not result in increased agricultural production, but since this time, landscape change has been rapid, and has particularly affected ecosystems on fertile clay soils. Although socio-economic factors were critical in driving deforestation, after 60 years of agricultural intensification by far the most significant explanatory variable determining the proportion of native vegetation retained at a property scale was the suitability of the soil for agriculture. Property size was an important secondary influence. The results were not, by and large, consistent with other studies of landscape change and suggest that generalised principles explaining deforestation may be elusive. Solutions to the problem of over-clearance of native vegetation, therefore, need to be tailored to the specific regional situations encountered.     

活性炭对海岛纤维开纤剥离废水中回收TA吸附效果的研究

采用活性炭吸附做为海岛纤维开纤剥离废水直接酸析前的预处理,净化废水,提高回收TA的品质。对工艺条件进行了系统研究。以酸值、光密度和灰分为考核指标,设计正交实验,得出因素影响水平为:活性炭投入量>吸附温度>吸附时间>振荡速度,分析各因素对回收TA性能的影响趋势,建立回归方程。同时建立活性炭对废水中COD,TA的吸附理论模型(Langinulr和Freundlich等温方程),结果表明Freundlich等温方程能较好反应此吸附过程。     

模糊数学用于预测溶解采矿地面下沉

通过建立某一地面下沉值与影响下沉的诸因素间的模糊关系方程,并求解该方程,找出各指标间的模糊关系,然后将需要预计的采区下沉值的各有关影响因素指标之实测值,通过实际求得的模糊关系做模糊变换,从而可给出下沉值的最佳预计值.将理论结果与现场资料进行对比,二者吻合较好.     

油藏流体状态方程研究与应用

油藏流体状态方程研究具有重要的理论和现实意义 ,它将成为流体热力学研究的一个新的生长点。论文从流体状态方程的推导方法、影响因素、主要类型等方面较系统地论述了油藏流体状态方程的研究思路和发展方向。并且从含油气系统中烃类相态的判断、油气藏类型的识别以及确定储层质量评价的物理化学模型等方面总结了其研究成果的应用进展。它将为油气藏成藏机理物理化学模型的建立和合理开发方案的制定提供新的工具     

探讨运用多元回归分析预报赤潮

对大亚湾澳头水域19972001年赤潮监测资料的统计分析，发现可以以潮汐、风向、天气状况和水温作为影响赤潮发生的重要因子，用参数表征各因的权重，建立多元回归方程，并绘制出赤潮生物的变化趋势图。可根据现场的生物观测资料分析，预报在生物高峰期是否将发生赤潮。该预报方法，可对陆源污染不明显，水质状况较稳定、浮游植物种群丰富的半封闭溺谷湾海水增养殖区的赤潮预报提供参考。