活性炭对海岛纤维开纤剥离废水中回收TA吸附效果的研究

采用活性炭吸附做为海岛纤维开纤剥离废水直接酸析前的预处理,净化废水,提高回收TA的品质。对工艺条件进行了系统研究。以酸值、光密度和灰分为考核指标,设计正交实验,得出因素影响水平为:活性炭投入量>吸附温度>吸附时间>振荡速度,分析各因素对回收TA性能的影响趋势,建立回归方程。同时建立活性炭对废水中COD,TA的吸附理论模型(Langinulr和Freundlich等温方程),结果表明Freundlich等温方程能较好反应此吸附过程。     

工业用水价格杠杆的有效性——基于联立方程模型

对于工业用水而言,价格杠杆的有效性以及用水价格上涨能否提升工业用水重复利用率,对推进工业节水以及工业转型发展具有重要意义。基于2016年中国地级以上城市的216个数据,利用联立方程处理内生性问题,其三阶段回归结果估计所得工业用水价格弹性为-3.423,即价格每上涨1%,工业用水需求量将减少3.42%,这一结果高于农业、居民生活用水价格弹性。另外,进一步从工业用水特征出发,研究讨论价格杠杆能否提高工业用水重复利用率。分别运用普通最小二乘法和加权最小二乘法探讨水价对工业用水重复利用率的影响,结果表明：水价与工业用水重复利用率显著正相关。因此,提高工业水价能促进工业循环用水,进而实现节约用水。     

煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全影响作用的实证研究

通过将煤矿安全文化看作由安全目标、安全承诺、安全规程、安全激励、安全培训和安全沟通这6个要素构成,利用3个矿业集团289份矿工的问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型(SEM)方法,实证研究了煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全的影响作用。研究表明:煤矿安全文化通过员工安全能力和安全动机对员工的安全服从行为和安全参与行为具有显著的影响作用,然而不同安全文化要素的影响途径和影响作用是不同的;员工安全能力和安全动机对员工的服从行为和参与行为都具有直接的正向影响作用;安全激励对员工安全服从行为、安全沟通对员工参与行为存在直接正向影响作用。     

Safety leadership and safety performance in petrochemical industries: The mediating role of safety climate

This study examines the relationship among three latent variables: safety leadership, safety climate, and safety performance. Employees from 23 plants in seven departments of a petrochemical company in central Taiwan completed a questionnaire survey. From this, a sample of 521 responses was randomly selected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using the AMOS 5.0 was employed to test the hypothesized model relating the above-mentioned variables. The results indicate that the model was supported, and that safety climate mediated the relationship between safety leadership and performance. Practical implications of these results for process safety management in the petrochemical industries are discussed.     

基于SEM的建筑施工企业KPI安全绩效评价

鉴于建筑施工企业生产安全和服务质量管理以及企业员工综合素质和工作效率的重要性,探讨影响建筑施工企业安全生产的因素,并对建筑施工企业的安全绩效进行全面、客观的评价。采用关键绩效指标(KPI)建立基于人的因素、管理制度、施工设备和环境条件四维度的建筑施工企业安全绩效评价指标体系,研究将结构方程模型理论引入到评价体系中,构建安全绩效评价的结构方程模型(SEM)。总结评价的一般程序,并结合实例,从定量的角度对某建筑施工企业安全绩效进行评价。结果表明,KPI评价体系和SEM评价模型评估得出建筑企业安全绩效影响因素的程度是:人的因素>管理制度>环境条件>施工设备。     

Can Advances in Science and Technology Prevent Global Warming?

The most stringent emission scenarios published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) would result in the stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) at concentrations of approximately 550 ppm which would produce a global temperature increase of at least 2 ^{^}C by 2100. Given the large uncertainties regarding the potential risks associated with this degree of global warming, it would be more prudent to stabilize atmospheric CO₂ concentrations at or below current levels which, in turn, would require more than 20-fold reduction (i.e., ≥95%) in per capita carbon emissions in industrialized nations within the next 50–100 years. Using the Kaya equation as a conceptual framework, this paper examines whether CO₂ mitigation approaches such as energy efficiency improvements, carbon sequestration, and the development of carbon-free energy sources would be sufficient to bring about the required reduction in per capita carbon emissions without creating unforeseen negative impacts elsewhere. In terms of energy efficiency, large improvements (≥5-fold) are in principle possible through aggressive investments in R&D and the removal of market imperfections such as corporate subsidies. However, energy efficiency improvements per se will not result in a reduction in carbon emissions if, as predicted by the IPCC, the size of the global economy expands 12–26-fold by 2100. Terrestrial carbon sequestration via reforestation and improved agricultural soil management has many environmental advantages, but has only limited CO₂ mitigation potential because the global terrestrial carbon sink (ca. 200 Gt C) is small relative to the size of fossil fuel deposits (≥4000 Gt C). By contrast, very large amounts of CO₂ can potentially be removed from the atmosphere via sequestration in geologic formations and oceans, but carbon storage is not permanent and is likely to create many unpredictable environmental consequences. Renewable energy can in theory provide large amounts of carbon-free power. However, biomass and hydroelectric energy can only be marginally expanded, and large-scale solar energy installations (i.e., wind, photovoltaics, and direct thermal) are likely to have significant negative environmental impacts. Expansion of nuclear energy is highly unlikely due to concerns over reactor safety, radioactive waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. In view of the serious limitations and liabilities of many proposed CO₂ mitigation approaches, it appears that there remain only few no-regrets options such as drastic energy efficiency improvements, extensive terrestrial carbon sequestration, and cautious expansion of renewable energy generation. These promising CO₂ mitigation technologies have the potential to bring about the required 20-fold reduction in per capita carbon emission only if population and economic growth are halted without delay. Therefore, addressing the problem of global warming requires not only technological research and development but also a reexamination of core values that equate material consumption and economic growth with happiness and well- being.     

Estimation of waste from computers and mobile phones in Iran

The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been rapidly growing in recent years. Estimation close to reality of the future amounts of WEEE as a function of time is critical to effective their management. Wastes from mobile phones and computers are one of the several subgroups of WEEE. The objective of this study was to estimate past and future trends in the generation of obsolete computers and mobile phones in Iran. For this purpose a combination of two models were used. At the beginning, time-series multiple lifespan model was used to estimate outflows end-of-life obsolete equipment. Then, using the simplified logistic function model by Excel software, the values of obsolete computers and mobile phones in the future were estimated. The study found that the amount of E-waste generation in the country was 20 million wasted computers until 2016 and 39 million wasted mobile phones until 2014. Results of the time series model analysis showed a total amount of 2.8 million waste computers would be reused by 2016 and 4.2 million mobile phones would be reused by 2014. The results of the logistic equation indicate that by the year 2040 there will be 50 million units of obsolete computers. According to the same model 90 million mobile phones will be obsolete by 2035. Increase in the number of computers and mobile phones was fitted into the logistic model and the results showed that the saturation level of generation of obsolete computers and mobile phones are 24 and 21 years respectively following the base year 2016 and 2014.     

分段进水A/O工艺的一些关系式

设计分段进水A/O工艺的主要目的是为了充分利用原水中的有机碳进行反硝化,因而便产生了由缺氧池反硝化所需有机碳与硝态氮数量相匹配的原则分配各段污水流量的设计思想。在该设计思想下,分段进水A/O工艺的脱氮效率及按照一定的设计条件确定的反应池容积或水力停留时间与污泥回流比、原水碳氮比等因素间存在着具有一定规律性的关系式,这些关系式直观反映了这些影响因素对脱氮效率的影响及其在反应池设计中所起的作用。对这些关系式进行了推导,分析了各因素对脱氮效率的影响和提高脱氮效率的途径,并推导说明了按照容积负荷相等进行工艺设计时,各缺氧池或各好氧池的容积之间的相对比例关系,以及按照污泥负荷相等进行设计时,各缺氧池或各好氧池的水力停留时间之间的相对比例关系。     

Investigating the impacts of some meteorological parameters on air pollution in Balikesir, Turkey

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in Balikesir, situated in the western part of Turkey, during the winter periods. The unfavorable climate as well as the city’s topography, and inappropriate fuel usage cause serious air pollution problems. The air pollutant concentrations in the city have a close relationship with meteorological parameters. In the present study, the relationship between daily average total suspended particulate (TSP) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations measured between 1999–2005 winter seasons were correlated with meteorological factors, such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and pressure. This statistical analysis was achieved using the stepwise multiple linear regression method. According to the results obtained through the analysis, higher TSP and SO₂ concentrations are strongly related to colder temperatures, lower wind speed, higher atmospheric pressure and higher relative humidity. The statistical models of SO₂ and TSP gave correlation coefficient values (R ²) of 0.735 and 0.656, respectively.     

微囊藻属一日内垂向分布的数值模拟

将水质模型与微囊藻属浮力调节模型相结合,建立微囊藻属垂向浓度分布模型,该模型不仅保留了以往模型的优点且改进了以往模型的不足,如考虑了微囊藻群体的直径大小及微囊藻属的浮力调节能力.模型结果与荷兰的Vinkeveen湖的实际测量数据吻合良好.此外,模拟结果也表明:微囊藻属在垂向的分布受水体紊动程度影响显著.微囊藻群体的最大浓度并不在水体表面,而是在水下一定深度处.小尺寸群体微囊藻群体(20~50μm)在水深方向的分布比大尺寸群体(100~200μm)更加均匀.日落后,微囊藻属会因为密度减小上浮至水面,反之,白日里,微囊藻属密度增加向水底方向下沉,因此日出前水面的微囊藻属浓度高于日落前的水面浓度.