华南中部赣浙皖相邻区大地构造单元划分及其特征

华南中部赣浙皖相邻区地质构造极为复杂，前人对该区大地构造划分存在许多不同的见解，有的观点之间存在根本性的差别。通过对赣浙皖相邻区内地质资料综合分析研究，提出该区划分为三个I级大地构造单元，即扬子地块、华夏地块及扬子地块与华夏地块之间的华南中部中元古代末期造山带；其中华南中部中元古代末期造山带又可进一步划分为乐平-歙县构造混杂岩亚带、万年构造单元、赣东北蛇绿混杂岩亚带、怀玉构造单元、东乡一龙游混杂岩亚带等五个Ⅱ级构造单元。     

聚酯废气组成及采样分析方法的研究

对聚酯装置工艺废气的形成，稳定性，采样方法及其浓度变化等进行了研究，结果表明，经冷的乙二醇娟收后排放出的聚酯放心气化学性质稳定，可采用聚四氟乙烯袋直接采样，采用DB－5大口径石英毛细管柱气相色谱法分析废气净化前后的有机污染物含量，净化前乙醛浓度变化在2000－30000mg/m^3之间，超出GB16297新污染源大气污染物排放限值（125mg/m^3)10-250倍，经处理后可达到国家排放标准，本方法可用于聚酯装置废气的监控。     

潮汐河流着生藻类监测采样设计

以上海黄浦江上游的藻类群落在空间和时间上的分布格局为例，讨论了用于环境质量监控的着生藻类群落分析的采样设计，设计采用收集者曲线及多元分析技术。研究表明，黄浦江着生藻类监测的采样频率每年至少４次，冬季不宜取样，条件许可应在夏季增加采样频率；综合分析宜采用年度复合样方；文中所采用的格局研究原则，同样适用于其它生物类型的采样设计。     

改进的大气环境质量评价方法及应用

运用模糊集理论中的权距离和隶属度概念推导出一种改进的大气环境质量评价方法 ,评价过程能充分利用实际数据所包含的各种信息。实例应用结果表明 ,与广泛采用的模糊综合评判模型相比较 ,本文提出的评价方法得到的评价结果更为合理可靠。     

水质远程监控通讯安全性问题的探讨——利用现有网络条件确保远程监控通讯安全性的解决方案

针对我国总体水质情况不容乐观的现实 ,提出解决办法之一是对排污口实施大规模远程监控 ,而远程通讯的安全性又是最直接、最核心的问题。文章着重阐述了如何解决在现有网络条件下实时运行的网络运行速度和数据的加解密等具体问题。     

污水排放的远程监视监测系统

本文介绍了由环保部门通过电脑远程监视、监测所属企业污水排放的情况 ,并在电脑上自动记录各项监测的数据 ,当有某项数据超标时能即时声音报警的污水排放远程监视监测系统的设计方案     

附着式塔式起重机附着间距及悬臂高度的研究

附着式塔式起重机广泛应用于高层建筑施工中,现行塔式起重机设计规范GB 13752—1992并没有对附着式塔式起重机附着间距作出相关规定。运用等效惯性矩法建立了附着式塔式起重机的等效有限元模型,以塔身稳定性和静刚度为约束条件,分析了附着间距对塔式起重机塔身最大悬臂高度及塔身与塔臂连接处水平位移的影响,对施工过程中附着架附着间距及悬臂高度给出合理建议。     

区域农田当量供需能力分析及其政策启示——以浙江舟山市为例

“以粮为纲”的食物安全观,使中国在实施耕地占补平衡政策过程中,片面追求耕地占补的数量平衡对食物安全的保障作用,而忽视了耕地以外的用地类型对区域食物安全的作用,不仅导致补充耕地的质量与占用耕地的质量不可同日而语,而且由于盲目对草地、林地、滩涂湿地等进行开发而付出了沉重的生态环境代价。论文从食物安全的内涵出发,引入农田当量与食物当量概念,选取浙江省舟山市为研究区,对研究区农田当量的供需能力进行实证分析,并为耕地占补平衡政策的改进提出相应的政策启示。研究结果表明：1）采用农田当量与食物当量的计算方法,可以较好地统一粮食产量和养殖水产品产量的食物当量,进而统一耕地与养殖水面的农田当量供给。2）受耕地面积减少和耕地抛荒比例较高等因素影响,近年研究区来自耕地的农田当量下降了37.3%;与此同时,尽管研究区养殖水面面积也在不断缩减,但受标准养殖塘建设、养殖技术进步以及品种改进等因素的影响,来自养殖水面的总农田当量上升了18.3%。来自耕地和养殖水面的总农田当量的比例,由2009年的46:54变为2015年的31:69。3）在温饱、小康和富裕3个不同生活水准下,研究区本地耕地和养殖水面提供的农田当量,都难以满足常住人口的需求,但是,通过改善农田基础设施、提高耕地复种指数,建设高标准养殖塘、提高养殖水面单产等措施,可以提高耕地和养殖水面的农田当量至19 771.22 hm²,进而降低约35%的农田当量缺口。在此基础上,论文得到转变食物安全观念,重视耕地以外的用地类型的食物供给能力;推进高标准农田和高标准养殖塘建设,提高耕地和养殖塘的农田当量供给能力;加大耕地保护力度,探索耕地占补平衡的多样化实现形式等政策启示。     

NORMALIZED UNIT HYDROGRAPH AGGREGATION1

ABSTRACT: The unit hydrograph is a common tool in hydraulic design. Used correctly, it allows a design engineer to estimate a runoff hydrograph from a drainage basin given a rainfall event. The typical method for estimating a unit hydrograph for a gaged watershed is by deconvolution. However, distinct storms produce different unit hydrographs for a single watershed. Consequently, a design engineer usually develops a composite, or average, unit hydrograph based on several recorded storm events. Common methods for estimating this composite unit hydrograph include curve fitting, simple aggregation, and multistorm optimization techniques. This paper introduces a new method to perform aggregation of unit hydrographs. The method is an extension to the simple averaging technique, in which prior to averaging, the individual unit hydrograph time ordinates are normalized with respect to the average time to peak. The normalization method is compared to a simple averaging technique and two multistorm aggregation techniques at six rural watersheds in Alabama. The results indicate that on average the normalization method predicts runoff nearly as accurately as the multistorm techniques, and displays improvement for 60 percent of the storms tested when compared with the simple averaging technique.     

Kin-related spatial structure in brown bears Ursus arctos

Kin-related social structure may influence reproductive success and survival and, hence, the dynamics of populations. It has been documented in many gregarious animal populations, but few solitary species. Using molecular methods and field data we tested: (1) whether kin-related spatial structure exists in the brown bear (Ursus arctos), which is a solitary carnivore, (2) whether home ranges of adult female kin overlap more than those of nonkin, and (3) whether multigenerational matrilinear assemblages, i.e., aggregated related females, are formed. Pairwise genetic relatedness between adult (5 years and older) female dyads declined significantly with geographic distance, whereas this was not the case for male–male dyads or opposite sex dyads. The amount of overlap of multiannual home ranges was positively associated with relatedness among adult females. This structure within matrilines is probably due to kin recognition. Plotting of multiannual home-range centers of adult females revealed formation of two types of matrilines, matrilinear assemblages exclusively using an area and dispersed matrilines spread over larger geographic areas. The variation in matrilinear structure might be due to differences in competitive abilities among females and habitat limitations. The influence of kin-related spatial structure on inclusive fitness needs to be clarified in solitary mammals.