建筑施工安全生产的科技创新及途径

安全生产作为人类生存与发展永恒的主题 ,人类文明与科技发展对安全生产的要求 ,在不同阶段有着不同的表现形式。笔者从世界经济竞争格局 ,国内建筑安全生产万人死亡率在不同历史阶段的变化等方面 ,论证了科技进步、科技创新在建筑安全生产中的重要作用 ,在总结中外建筑企业依靠科技创新、提高安全生产水平成功经验的基础上 ,系统地提出了国内建筑企业依靠科技进步、科技创新 ,才是提高建筑安全生产水平的根本途径     

Alternating nitrification-denitrification via nitrite for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real\|time control strategies. Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0-1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS·d) and 0.20-0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS·d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVI value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.     

沈阳市环保科技成果产业化工作进展与展望

总结了沈阳市几年来环保科技成果产业化工作的成绩和经验,提出了有效推进环保科技成果转化的建议及对策。     

Communicating climate science: The role of perceived communicator’s motives

In two experimental studies, we investigated the effects of public perceptions of climate scientists’ communicative motives on trust in scientists and willingness to engage with climate science messages. Study 1 demonstrated that members of the public who were led to believe that scientists aim to inform about the consequences of climate change (rather than to persuade to take a particular course of action) reported higher trust in scientists and stronger willingness to engage in environmental behaviour. Study 2 revealed that this effect was moderated by the style of the scientific message that participants were exposed to. Participants who expected scientists to engage in persuasion were more receptive to persuasive rather than informative messages, while the opposite was true for participants who believed that scientists’ purpose was purely to inform. In both studies the effects of perceived motives on willingness to act in line with the climate change messages were mediated through trust in scientists. The data demonstrate that managing public expectations about the purposes of science communication and delivering messages that are consistent with these expectations are a key to successful communication of climate science.     

Water protection against pollution

Science-policy integration is one of the many complex challenges that scientific and policy-making communities are facing. It involves knowledge sharing and exchanges among a wide range of disciplines and actors. In many instances, the lack of proper communication and of a coordination mechanism leads to research outputs not being used or simply known by policy-makers, and to policy research needs not being communicated to the scientific communities in a timely fashion. This paper discusses the integration of scientific and technological progress into the policy-making and implementation process, with emphasis on water policies. It highlights the need and complexity of developing a knowledge-based approach which would enable to lead to an operational science-policy interface linked to WISE (Water Information System for Europe), including the newly developed WISERTD webportal (). The views expressed in this paper are purely those of the author and do not in any circumstances reflect an official position of the European Commission.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

中国安全科学技术发展回顾与展望

简要回顾了 5 0年来中国安全科学技术的发展和主要成就 ,预测 2 1世纪中国安全科学技术将在理论体系、方法论、研究内容、工程应用等方面得到进一步发展。     

加强《内蒙古环境科学》对环境保护的支持力度

《内蒙古环境科学》所载论文均为环境保护及环境科学领域关于环境科学研究的动向、成果、经验,传播科技信息、交流学术思想,促进环境科技成果高品化、产业化,推动内蒙古自治区环境科学事业深入发展。期刊对环境保护及环境科学领域的学科建设,学术水平的提高、学术信息的传播及师资队伍的建设有着重要影响。因此,要进一步加强《内蒙古环境科学》对环境保护的支持力度,要深刻认识这一科学意义。通过对环境保护及环境科学方面的有力支持,形成《内蒙古环境科学》期刊自身的规划建设与环境科学领域发展的良性循环。     

Using adaptive governance to rethink the way science supports Australian drought policy

In this paper we show how ideas from a longstanding but little recognised literature on adaptive governance can be used to rethink the way science supports Australian drought policy. We compare and contrast alternative ways of using science to support policy in order to critique traditional commentary on Australian drought policy. We find that criticism from narrow disciplinary and institutional perspectives has provided few practical options for policy makers managing these complex and interacting goals. In contrast, ideas from a longstanding but little recognised literature on adaptive governance have potential to create innovative policy options for addressing the multiple interacting goals of Australian drought policy.From an adaptive governance perspective, the deep concern held by Australian society for rural communities affected by drought can be viewed as a common property resource that can be sustainably managed by governments in cooperation with rural communities. Managing drought assistance as a common property resource can be facilitated through nested and polycentric systems of governance similar to those that have already evolved in other arenas of natural resource management in Australia, such as Landcare groups and Catchment Management Authorities. Essential to delivering these options is the creation of flexible, regionally distributed scientific support for drought policy capable of integrating local knowledge and informing the livelihood outcomes of critical importance to governments and rural communities.     

依靠科技进步节能减排,提高钢铁行业发展的内力

节能减排是我国经济发展中必须解决的问题,特别是高耗能产业更应首当其冲。我国钢铁行业节能减排任务很重,但依靠科学技术的进步,提高了企业发展的内力,取得了一定的成绩。但是,钢铁业总能耗依然占到全国总能耗的14%以上,今后面临的节能减排任务仍很艰巨。