60年来的资源科学:从自然资源综合考察到资源科学综合研究

走过60年,资源科学研究已从最初的自然资源综合考察发展成了一门综合性的资源科学学科体系。期间,国家先后编制了7次科技发展规划,尤以《1956—1967年科学技术发展远景规划》和《1978—1985年全国科学技术发展规划纲要》对资源科学的形成与发展影响最大。前者推动了中国自然资源综合考察事业的形成与发展,后者促进了中国资源科学考察事业的发展与壮大,进而推动了资源科学的形成与发展。60年来的中国资源科学可以初步划分为大规模的自然资源综合考察时期(1950—1960年代)、区域资源综合科学考察与资源科学研究时期(1970—1980年代)和资源科学学科体系的形成与发展时期(1990—2000年代)等三个阶段;2000年前后中国资源科技工作者先后完成的《中国自然资源丛书》、《中国资源科学百科全书》和《资源科学》等三项标志性成果的出版,为我国建立资源科学体系奠定了科学基础;2008年《资源科学技术名词》正式颁布,必将进一步促进中国资源科学的发展与完善。     

科技创新战略中的“十二五”环境保护规划展望

本文对黑龙江省"十二五"期间经济又好又快发展、城镇化进程加快等因素带来的环境压力以及需重点关注的环境问题进行了分析,提出要创新思路,完善环境科技支撑体系,发展壮大环保产业,以解决重大环境问题为突破,推动环境科技创新,为黑龙江省环境保护"十二五"规划编制提供思路。     

From Frames to Resonance Machines: The Neuropolitics of Environmental Communication

George Lakoff 's work in cognitive linguistics has prompted a surge in social scientists’ interest in the cognitive and neuropsychological dimensions of political discourse. Bringing cognitive neuroscience into the study of social movements and of environmental communication, however, is not as straightforward as Lakoff 's followers suggest. Examining and comparing Lakoff's “neuropolitics” with those of political theorist William E. Connolly, this article argues that Connolly's writings on evangelical-capitalist and eco-egalitarian “resonance machines” provide a broader model for thinking about the relations between body, brain, and culture. Environmentalists, it concludes, should pluralize their “frames” and pay greater attention to the micropolitical and affective effects of their language and practices on the communities within which they act, communicate, and dwell.     

2005～2013年《中国安全生产科学技术》文献计量学分析

利用万方数据库"期刊统计分析与评价系统"和中国知网"中国学术期刊文献评价统计分析系统",对2005~2013年间《中国安全生产科学技术》期刊的载文量、基金论文、网络传播、出版时滞、高频被引文献、被引及引文等情况,进行了检索分析及评价。结果表明《中国安全生产科学技术》期刊的载文量总体呈增长趋势,载文篇幅基本在5页;基金论文在40%左右;期刊的发表时滞为4~6个月;总被引频次和影响因子逐年提高,引文数量基本在10篇,总结出10篇高频被引文献。最后,根据所统计的文献计量学指标,提出了要加强组稿约稿,提升编审质量,加大信息技术的应用等改进建议。     

Science–policy interactions in Austrian,Dutch, and Swiss climate policy: a comparative account

Scientific expertise plays an important role in the complex field of climate policy. Consequently, science–policy interactions have been institutionalized in many countries. However, science–policy arenas vary considerably across countries. Scholars mainly attribute these differences to the influence of specific political cultures. The literature has primarily compared science–policy arenas of countries with diverging political cultures, whereas comparisons of countries with similar political cultures are rare. The latter is especially true for neo-corporatist cultures. Against this background, we compare the climate science–policy arenas of three neo-corporatist countries, Austria, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Conceptually, we draw on the literature regarding politico-cultural imprints in science–policy arenas. We operationalize national science–policy arenas along four dimensions: the knowledge actors, the organizational formats, the styles of science–policy interactions, and their transparency and visibility. Overall, the three arenas reveal many similarities and much fewer differences. Most similarities correspond to neo-corporatist patterns. However, some similarities consistently deviate from neo-corporatist patterns. Interestingly, almost all differences between the countries match national variations of neo-corporatism. In light of these observations and the specific problem structure of climate policy, we develop research questions to investigate potential explanations for correspondence to and deviation from neo-corporatist patterns.     

Assessing anthropogenic impact on Mediterranean sand dunes from aerial digital photography

The Mediterranean region plays host to ca. 33% of the world’s tourism industry. This population of visitors (ca. 147 million in 1990) inevitably exerts an enormous impact on the natural resources of this coastal zone. In May 1997, a new generation Aerial Digital Photographic System [ADPS] configured with a Kodak Digital Science 460 CIR digital camera was used to acquire colour infrared digital photographs of the sand dune systems along the Mediterranean coast of France, from Le Barcares to St-Cyprien-Plage. These have been used to assess the condition of the dunes along this coast. A series of simple analytical techniques to identify and measure features indicative of public pressure using image processing software has been devised. The dune manager with basic computer skills can analyse such indicators as path length, vegetation cover (and conversely the extent of bare sand) to enable monitoring of the performance of their dune systems under particular management regimes. These photographs have been compared with similar digital photographs of dune sites in SW France to allow a comparison of dune degradation in a region with a different population pressure and climate regime. Dune systems sampled from the Mediterranean coastal zone showed more evidence of anthropogenically induced change than those sampled in SW France.     

跨世纪的中国安全科学学科建设及新拓展

概要分析了安全科学技术学科体系结构,指出学科扩展的思路;提出了学科建设中必须树立全新的观念：安全文化观、大安全观、可持续发展观、综合安全减灾论;探讨了安全减灾科学技术面临的难题和对策;构想安全减灾环保为一体的科学技术新框架     

环卫行业科研选题之管见

提出了关于环卫科研管理、环卫基础研究、生活垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化、环卫机械、环卫工程管理等七个方面三十余项环卫科研课题，为有关领导和科研人员选择环卫科学研究课题提供了参考和借鉴．     

基于复杂性科学的区域环境研究方法和策略的探讨--以大徐州地区的环境问题研究为例

环境科学涉及到诸多领域，相关学科间的交叉、融合使环境科学研究日趋复杂，这种复杂性在大范围、长时间的环境研究中表现得尤为突出。对这类复杂的大区域的环境研究要从指导思想、研究方法、研究策略上进行改进，要从根本上寻求解决之道。笔者首先阐述了大区域环境研究的复杂性，探讨了研究的理论基础，最后以大徐州地区的环境问题为例，提出了研究策略。