A Metamodeling Approach for Integrated Assessment of Air Quality Policies

A method is proposed to build integrated models (also called Metamodels) aimed at quantifying the economic efficiency of air quality policies. This Metamodeling approach is based on the coupling of two complementary models, that operate at different scales in space and time, and which represent the economic and the physical and chemical processes, respectively. The joint consideration of the physico-chemical and techno-economic structure of the pollution control problems permits a comprehensive evaluation of air pollution abatement strategies. The motivating pollution control problems include urban-regional air quality management through efficient energy and traffic control policies. A pilot study, exploiting data collected in the Geneva canton (Switzerland), is used to demonstrate the potential of the approach.     

monitoring bioaccumulation of contaminants in the belted kingfisher (ceryle alcyon)

The belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon), acommon piscivore in the eastern United States, hasbecome a common endpoint in ecological riskassessments (ERA) because of their high consumptionof potentially contaminated aquatic prey. Whilebioaccumulation data and biosurveys may be used tosupport conclusions of ERAs for kingfishers, thereare currently no published data on contaminantconcentrations in kingfishers. Additionally,methods available for collecting biological samples(e.g., feathers, eggs, food debris, etc.) fromkingfisher burrows can be detrimental to thereproductive success of the birds. We present amethod for obtaining samples from burrows during orfollowing the nesting season. The method wasapplied to kingfisher burrows on the Oak RidgeReservation (ORR) in eastern Tennessee. Feathers,eggshells, and nestlings were collected from burrows and analyzed. In addition, carcasses ofthree adult kingfishers found dead on the ORR wereanalyzed. Metals and radionuclides were accumulatedby both juvenile and adult birds. Body burdens ofcadmium, lead, and cesium-137 in adult birds were belowlevels associated with toxicity. Concentrations of selenium and mercury were observed at potentiallytoxic levels. Contaminants in eggshells andnestling feathers indicate exposure, however, thereis insufficient information to evaluate thetoxicological significance of this contamination.National Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp. under contract DE-AC05-96OR22464     

Assessing the impact of pesticides on the environment

Pesticide use in agriculture can cause undesirable effects on humans and the natural environment. One of the objectives of integrated agriculture is the elimination or reduction of possible sources of environmental pollution such as pesticides. To achieve this objective, farmers need a method to assist them in estimating the environmental impact of pesticide use. This paper addresses a two-part question: what factors should be taken into consideration to assess pesticide environmental impact, and how can impact be quantified? As the environmental impact of a pesticide depends on its dispersion in the environment and on its toxicological properties, the literature on these topics is reviewed to address the first part of the question. To address the second part of the question, six recent approaches to assess the impact of pesticides on the environment are compared regarding choice, transformation and aggregation of input parameters. The use of simulation models to assess environmental impact is discussed.     

如何培养学生学习数学的兴趣

学习兴趣在学生的学习中占有重要地位。为了培养学生学习数学的兴趣,教师应充分利用数学的学科特点,合理安排教学内容,灵活运用教学方法,并在学生遇到困难时给予及时的帮助。     

城市环境质量定量评价方法

文章基于对于城市环境质量的评价方法的研究,阐述了各类评价方法的优缺点,着重介绍了物元模型、投影寻踪评价法、神经网络、遗传算法优化神经网络四种定量评价方法,并介绍了各类方法在城市环境质量评价中的应用现状.     

土壤微生物降解石油污染物

调查分析了石油污染程度不同的土壤的嗜油微生物分布状况，通过梯度浓度驯化、半连续紫外诱变、梯度浓度再驯化，建立了一套可操作的嗜油细菌筛选办法，对6株优势菌及其混合菌进行了石油降解率及脱氢酶活性分析测试，得到了3株高效石油降解菌，经初步鉴定分别为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas)、微球菌属（Micrococcus)、黄单胞Xanthomonas)。     

Maternal Serum CA 125 for aneuploidy detection in early pregnancy

Maternal serum CA 125 levels were determined at 9–11 menstrual weeks for 26 cases of trisomy 13 (n = 4), trisomy 18 (n = 7), trisomy 21 (n = 15), and appropriate controls. There were no statistically significant differences between groups.     

含硫污水系统耐蚀材料的筛选与应用

针对西北地区一综合炼油厂含硫污水管线的严重腐蚀问题，分析了腐蚀原因，确立了材料筛选方案，通过实验室静态挂片试验绘制了重量损失率变化曲线和现场挂片等试验手段，筛选推荐出了树脂玻璃钢耐蚀材料。工业生产应用结果表明，MFE-2型树脂玻璃钢是适用于该厂含硫污水系统的耐蚀材料，为类似装置的长周期运行提供了借鉴和经验。     

全球生活垃圾处置方式及影响因素——基于134个国家数据

近年来，国内外众多学者从不同角度运用不同方法探究城市生活垃圾产生量的影响因素，但鲜见对生活垃圾处置方式的影响因素进行分析研究.本文以世界银行2018年颁布的《what a waste 2.0》中140个国家数据为基础，删掉数据年份较久远以及缺少GDP数据的6个国家，根据欧盟统计局、各国政府环保部门和统计部门网站以及相关年度报告，对所有国家数据逐一排查进行核实，并修正了40余国家生活垃圾处置数据，以134个国家在地理、经济和社会层面的5项指标为研究基础，选用相关性分析和logistic回归分析等研究方法，探究5种生活垃圾处置方式和影响因素之间的规律.主要结论如下：①生活垃圾开放式倾倒、填埋处置与人均国土面积无显著相关性；人均GDP达到2万美元以上的国家，基本实现"零倾倒"，填埋占比也随人均GDP增长逐渐下降；城市化水平与是否采用开放式倾倒呈显著负相关；②人均GDP在2万美元以下或城市化水平在40%以下的国家，基本为"零焚烧"；在不考虑"零焚烧"国家的情形下，焚烧处置主要集中在人均国土面积0~3 hm²的国家；人均GDP和受教育程度的高低是各国是否采用焚烧的主要影响因素；③资源化利用水平与人均国土面积呈负相关，而与人均GDP、城市化水平、受教育程度和废物法律法规体系呈正相关，其中法律法规对其影响力较小；人均GDP达到2万美元以上的国家，资源化利用率基本超过40%；受教育程度同样是影响各国是否采用资源化利用的主要因素；④其它处置方式与五项影响指标均呈现负相关；城市化水平为是否存在其它处置方式的决定因素，城市化水平达到80%以上时，其占比基本为0.     

超声降解水中污染物技术浅述

介绍了超声降解水中污染物的机理、影响因素和几种典型的超声联用技术。并指出超声技术在今后水处理应用领域的研究方向。