区域环境健康综合风险评价指标体系的构建及应用研究

探讨区域环境健康综合风险评价指标体系建立的原则、思路和方法,估算各省环境健康综合风险,为制定环境健康政策提供科学依据.运用层次分析法,结合主成分分析和独立性分析,按照"风险压力-风险现状-风险应对"的总体思路构建了23个指标的区域环境健康综合风险评价指标体系及其权重系数.运用2012年31个省(自治区、直辖市)的数据进行实证检验,并将评价结果进行聚类分析探讨地区风险的差异和规律.研究表明全国有9个省区域环境健康综合风险指数超过标准,其中特别发达(北京、天津、上海)及不发达地区环境健康综合风险相对较低,较为发达地区环境健康风险较高.区域环境健康综合风险评价指标较为科学合理,具有较好的推广性和实用性.     

电焊条生产行业职业危害统计指标研究

简洁、有效、便利的职业危害统计指标不仅能够提高职业危害评价结果的准确性,更能提高实际工作效率,对职业危害监管工作具有重要的意义。根据电焊条生产行业的特点,通过相关分析法、逐步回归分析法,对几个典型企业的监测数据进行分析,筛选出了最能直接判断电焊条生产行业职业危害状况的统计指标。入选的指标独立性好,适合进一步拟合电焊条生产行业职业危害监管模型。     

Correlations between physiological responses of four aquatic plant species and river water quality

The Jiushanwai channel is located in the Lucheng district of Wenzhou City, China. Four aquatic plant species (Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius, Myriophyllum verticillatum, and Lythrum salicaria) were planted on floating-beds constructed in a north-south layout along this channel. Five sites were sampled during spring, summer and autumn. The physiological characteristics (content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, activity of peroxidase and catalase) of the plants and the corresponding water quality were determined and correlations between these indices were analysed. The physiological indices of the plants and water quality changed regularly at the five sampling sites. Myriophyllum verticillatum was the most sensitive species to water quality changes, whereas Lythrum salicaria was least sensitive. Of the physiological indices examined, soluble protein content was most sensitive to water quality changes. The physiological indices of M. verticillatum are deemed to be most suitable to indicate river water quality.     

深圳市环境影响评价有效性评估

在总结国内外环境影响评价(EIA)有效性研究的基础上．提出EIA有效性评估的指标体系、分级标准和评估方法。选取1995～2002年间完成的80本环境影响报告书(EIS)对深圳市EIA有效性进行评估。研究结果表明：深圳市EIA有效性指数偏低,有效性一般．EIA制度在发挥积极作用的同时,存在制度体系有待完善、法律法规执行不够严格、评价人员专业素质有待提高等问题。最后提出改进EIA有效性的建议和需要进一步探讨的问题。     

生态示范区可持续发展指标体系和数学模型--以安徽省岳西县国家级生态示范区为例

为评价、监控和考核生态示范区可持续发展水平、进程和成效,构建了一套量化评价指标体系和指数叠加、功效系数、模糊综合评价等三种数学模型,并以安徽省岳西县国家级生态示范区为例研究生态示范区多时空尺度的可持续发展态势。结果表明在基准水平年（2000）、近期目标年（2005）和远景目标年（2010）生态示范区复合系统的可持续发展度（0.268、0.541、0.859）、可持续功效系数（0.711、0.812、0.949）和可持续发展隶属度（0.129、0.332、\{0.671\}）都逐步增加,而且在不同规划年限中均以自然子系统可持续发展态势为最优,这与该县生态环境优越、经济社会水平低、发展潜力大的客观实际非常符合。     

铀尾矿库WSN安全监控镜像约束域定位算法

铀尾矿库的WSN安全监控监测技术是一门新型领域技术,是实现铀尾矿库安全综合治理的重要前提,定位技术因其能够快速定位事件发生区域的地理位置而成为WSN的关键技术之一。RSSI测距定位技术因其易于实现、成本低等特点而被广泛应用,然而其在铀尾矿库中会受到多径、非视距等因素的影响,远距离得到的RSSI值测距误差较大。为此,提出一种镜像最小通信圆约束域定位算法,未知节点利用多个近距离RSSI测距值生成最小通信圆,以锚节点坐标镜像最小通信圆生成镜像圆,多条件约束形成定位区域进行区域定位。仿真结果表明:多最小通信圆定位效果优于单最小通信圆,且比传统RSSI和RSSI质心算法具有更高的定位精度和较小的误差均方差。     

The species awareness index as a conservation culturomics metric for public biodiversity awareness

Although threats to global biodiversity are well known, slowing current rates of biodiversity loss remains a challenge. The Aichi targets set out 20 goals on which the international community should act to alleviate biodiversity decline, 1 of which (Target 1) aims to raise public awareness of the importance of biodiversity. Although conventional indicators for Target 1 are of low spatial and temporal coverage, conservation culturomics metrics show how biodiversity awareness can be quantified at the global scale. Following methods used for the Living Planet Index, we devised a species awareness index (SAI) to measure change in species awareness based on Wikipedia views. We calculated this index at the page level for 41,197 species listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) across 10 Wikipedia languages and >2 billion views from 1 July 2015 to 30 March 2020. Bootstrapped indices for the page-level SAI showed that overall awareness of biodiversity increased marginally over time, although there were differences among taxonomic classes and languages. Among taxonomic classes, overall awareness increased fastest for reptiles and slowest for amphibians. Among languages, overall species awareness increased fastest for Japanese and slowest for Chinese and German users. Although awareness of species as a whole increased and was significantly higher for traded species, from January 2016 through January 2020, change in awareness appeared not to be strongly related to whether the species is traded or is a pollinator. As a data source for public biodiversity awareness, the SAI could be integrated into the Conservation International Biodiversity Engagement Indicator.     

污染防治攻坚战实施阶段性成效评估研究

污染防治攻坚战是党的十九大提出的我国全面建成小康社会决胜时期的“三大攻坚战”之一,以解决人民群众反映强烈的大气、水、土壤污染等突出问题为重点,全面加强环境污染防治。为客观评估污染防治攻坚战实施成效,本研究构建了污染防治攻坚战评估指标体系与方法,基于环境监测数据、生态环境综合业务调度平台等数据,采用比较法、耦合协调指数等方法,从目标指标、重点任务、政策制度和经济绩效4个维度,对2018—2020年的污染防治攻坚战实施阶段性成效开展评估。结果显示：攻坚战实施成效显著,全面完成规定的13项目标指标,重点任务完成情况总体较好,有效地促进了环境经济协调发展,推动生态环境治理体制机制更加完善。然而,我国生态环境质量改善成效仍不稳固,结构性、根源性、趋势性压力尚未根本缓解,本文建议“十四五”时期应从绿色低碳转型、减污降碳协同增效、关键领域突破、环境治理体系和治理能力等方面深入打好污染防治攻坚战,持续改善生态环境质量。     

太湖东部水域浮游硅藻群落特征及其与环境因子关系

对太湖东部水域9个点位浮游硅藻的群落结构进行了分析。结果表明,9个点位的生物多样性处于一般到较丰富状态,其水质为中污染到轻污染;硅藻群落的物种丰富度、生物量和密度因水域地形特点、换水周期等因素出现差异,在半封闭水体中的物种丰富度较差,生物量和藻密度较高,优势种所指示的水质处于中等偏下水平。硅藻相对多度和各项环境因子冗余分析显示,总磷(TP)对群落的组成和分布影响显著。东北部水域浮游硅藻群落主要受到TP和浊度(NTU)的影响,东南部水域浮游硅藻群落受到TP和NTU的影响则很小。     

PICABUE: a methodological framework for the development of indicators of sustainable development

SUMMARY

Significant interest in the concept of sustainable development exists amongst scientists, planners, policy makers and the public, and considerable effort and expenditure is made or envisaged at local, national and international levels to promote a more sustainable society. Until ‘green accounting’ and similar systems are made available and are implemented, the sustainability indicator will be the most effective tool available for monitoring progress towards a more sustainable society. Sustainability indicators are already available but are characterized by a poor or absent theoretical underpinning. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a methodological framework that can be applied to the construction of indicators of sustainable development. In order to be consistent with widely accepted definitions of sustainable development, considerations relating to the measurement of quality of life and ecological integrity are central to the methodology. The methodological framework has relevance to a variety of spatial scales and to geographically diverse areas (urban or rural, developed or developing countries) so that a suite of sustainability indicators can be produced that is tailored to the needs and resources of the indicator user, but which remains rooted firmly in the fundamental principles of sustainable development.