枯草芽孢杆菌对微污染水体的净化作用

采用投加枯草芽孢杆菌的水质净化方法,系统考察了在典型南方夏季气温下,封闭的模拟微污染水枯草芽孢杆菌净化体系中,投菌浓度、主要环境条件（pH和溶解氧）及其冲击对净化效果的影响.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌的最佳投菌浓度为3.2×105cfu·mL-1,适宜的环境条件为：pH5～7,溶解氧4～6mg·L-1.投菌9d后,CODM...     

城镇污水处理排放标准改革的费效分析

从费用效果角度对提高城镇污水处理排放标准的科学性和可实施性进行探讨,利用污染源普查数据,通过城镇污水治理投资和运行函数的构建,计算不同处理规模和排放标准下的污水处理投资和运行费用,在全国层面上计算提高污水处理排放标准所需费用和污染物的减排效果.研究表明：污水处理厂的投资和运行费用的增加随着污水处理规模的增加而递减.以污...     

Effect of nutrient conditions on the toxicity of naphthalene to Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The toxicity of naphthalene to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the subsequent recovery of algae from the damage were investigated under two nutrient conditions, either enriched with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), or starved of N and P. Results showed that C. pyrenoidosa was more sensitive to naphthalene under N,P-enriched condition, and the inhibitory rate generally increased at first and then decreased gradually with the evaporation of naphthalene under both nutrient conditions. Enriched N, P reduced the inhibitory rate at initial naphthalene concentration of 5 and 10 mg/L, but enhanced it at 100 mg/L, at which more severe ultrastructure damages were found than those under N,P-starved condition. Observed damages included partly or totally disappearance of nucleolus, nuclear, and plasma membranes. According to the chlorophyll content and cell density measurements, C. pyrenoidosa could recover from naphthalene damage with initial concentrations 6 50 mg/L in 7 days under both nutrient conditions, while they could not recover if the initial concentration of naphthalene was at 100 mg/L. Under the N,P-starved condition, the inability of C. pyrenoidosa to recover from the naphthalene damage was consistent with the results of high inhibitory rate, low value of specific growth rate (SGR, 0.05 day??1), and the severe destruction of cell structure. However, under the N,P-enriched conditions, the observed lower inhibitory rate, higher value of SGR (0.55 day??1), and the intact cell structure of most cells suggested that algae could potentially recover from the naphthalene damage.     

A numerical study of summer ozone concentration over the Kanto area of Japan using the MM5/CMAQ model

We assessed the ability of the MM5/CMAQ model to predict ozone (O3) air quality over the Kanto area and to investigate the factors that a ect simulation of O3. We find that the coupled MM5/CMAQ model is a useful tool for the analysis of urban environmental problems. The simulation results were compared with observational data and were found to accurately replicate most of the important observed characteristics. The initial and boundary conditions were found to have a significant e ect on simulated O3 concentrations. The results show that on hot and dry days with high O3 concentration, the CMAQ model provides a poor simulation of O3 maxima when using initial and boundary conditions derived from the CMAQ default data. The simulation of peak O3 concentrations is improved with the JCAP initial and boundary conditions. On mild days, the default CMAQ initial and boundary conditions provide a more realistic simulation. Meteorological conditions also have a strong impact on the simulated distribution and accumulation of O3 concentrations in this area. Low O3 concentrations are simulated during mild weather conditions, and high concentrations are predicted during hot and dry weather. By investigating the e ects of di erent meteorological conditions on each model process, we find that advection and di usion di er the most between the two meteorological regimes. Thus, di erences in the winds that govern the transport of O3 and its precursors are likely the most important meteorological drivers of ozone concentration over the central Kanto area.     

SCADA系统在污染物治污工况在线监控系统中的应用

本文介绍了SCADA系统在内蒙古自治区重点污染源治污工况在线监控系统中的应用,系统以西门子成熟S7—200系列可编程序控制器为在线监测设备,基于OPC（OLE for Process Control）技术,以WINCC为监控平台,实现了自治区内重点污染源企业治污工况的远程监测、污染物排放的有效管理。     

新乡市工业“三废”污染及治理措施

以新乡市2006—2012年工业"三废"排放监测数据为依据,通过对城市废水、废气及工业固体废弃物排放情况的分析,找出主要污染特征并提出相关治理对策。     

地下水中常见离子对纳米零价铁除Se（Ⅳ）动力学的影响

采用间歇实验对纳米零价铁(nZVI)除四价硒(Se(Ⅳ))进行实验性研究,考察了地下水中共存离子对nZVI除Se(Ⅳ)动力学的影响.结果表明,在厌氧条件下,当nZVI投加量为0.1 g·L-1,Se(Ⅳ)浓度为100μmol·L-1,NaCl浓度为0.01 mol·L-1,pH=7.0,T=25℃±1℃时,投加CO2-3或SO2-4浓度为1 mmol·L-1、腐殖酸(humic acid,HA)为5 mg·L-1时,明显抑制了Se(Ⅳ)的去除.投加0.5 mmol·L-1Ca2+或Mg2+时,对除Se(Ⅳ)影响不大;而Ca2+(3 mmol·L-1)、Mg2+(3 mmol·L-1)时,Se(Ⅳ)的去除效率明显下降.未加共存离子时,Se(Ⅳ)在20 min时基本去除完,共存离子存在的情况下,nZVI对Se(Ⅳ)的去除率在30 min时达到100%.反应过程中二价铁(Fe2+)随着Se(Ⅳ)的去除趋于平稳.ORP在反应过程中快速从正值下降至负值,由此说明nZVI除Se(Ⅳ)的过程发生了还原反应.     

大气14CO2的时空分异特征及其在化石源CO2示踪中的应用

大气CO₂中放射性碳同位素(¹⁴C)的水平可以反映化石源CO₂的影响程度,这对于评估我国目前化石源CO₂的排放状况和制定节能减排政策具有重要的指导意义。本文在概述大气¹⁴CO₂采样和分析方法的基础上,简要介绍了大气¹⁴CO₂观测的起源和主要的源汇过程,重点论述了大气¹⁴CO₂的时空分异特征及其驱动因素;阐述了化石源CO₂浓度的估算方法及¹⁴CO₂在国内外化石源CO₂示踪中的应用现状,并对大气¹⁴CO₂观测在我国化石源CO₂示踪中的应用前景进行了展望;旨在为我国正确地开展大气¹⁴CO₂的观测研究,深刻地理解特定区域大气¹⁴CO₂的时空分异特征和化石源CO₂的分布状况提供参考。     

三门湾近海有机污染对浮游细菌群落的影响

近海污染问题日趋严重,因此亟需评价污染对海洋环境造成的潜在影响.微生物作为对环境变化的首要响应者,可能作为评价污染水平的指示生物.为此,本文采集三门湾和邻近鱼山保护区共21个站点的表层海水,利用Illumina技术测定细菌16S rRNA基因,对比研究有机污染对浮游细菌群落的影响.三门湾的有机污染(A)为4.57±2.41,显著(P0.001)高于鱼山保护区0.43±0.74.三门湾和鱼山保护区的浮游细菌多样性和群落结构差异显著,其中三门湾水域的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(β-Proteobacteria)、SAR406的相对丰度显著高于鱼山保护区,而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)的相对丰度低于鱼山保护区.多元回归树分析(multivariate regression tree,MRT)发现浮游细菌多样性主要受pH、有机污染和叶绿素a(Chl-a)的影响,分别控制了27.7%、15.6%和6.7%的多样性变异.冗余分析(redundancy analysis)结果表明驱动细菌群落变异环境因子为有机污染、pH和盐度(salinity),共解释了14.8%的群落变异.同时,空间距离与细菌群落组成显著相关,解释了4.42%的变异,表明浮游细菌的空间分布不是随机的.此外,本研究筛选到与有机污染状况显著相关的23个细菌科,各科相对丰度的变化与其已知的生态功能特征相吻合,因此可以作为潜在的有机污染指示种群.本实验结果表明近海有机污染显著地改变了浮游细菌群落结构,特别是潜在病原菌丰度的增加;此外,筛选到敏感指示种群用于评估有机污染程度.     

太湖上游城市宜兴城区主干道路径流污染特征解析

通过监测2015年8月—2016年9月7场典型降雨事件,系统分析太湖上游城市宜兴城区3个不同功能区(环科园、新城区和老城区)主干道路径流污染特征.研究表明:宜兴市城区主干道路径流浊度、COD、TN、NH_3-N、TP浓度分别为(77.2±66.9)NTU、(97.2±79.7)、(3.0±1.9)、(0.93±0.59)和(0.35±0.36)mg·L~(-1).COD和TN超出地表水环境Ⅴ类标准,是该地区径流特征污染物.降雨过程中污染物浓度整体呈下降趋势,伴随有不同程度的波动,主要受地表残留污染物及降雨强度的影响.3个区域TN浓度差异不大,且主要以溶解态存在(60%);环科园、新城区TP浓度差异不大,且主要以颗粒态存在(70%);然而,受居民生活活动的影响,老城区TP主要以溶解态存在(60%).此外,受交通及道路坡度影响,新城区道路径流浊度和COD污染最为严重.不同降雨事件径流污染物浓度变化较大,主要受干期长度和降雨强度的影响.干期长度越长、降雨强度越小,污染物累积量及可冲刷量越大.因此,加强控制宜兴市道路初期径流、路面颗粒物、径流颗粒物和TN以及老城区TP,对保护径流主要受纳水体南溪水系及太湖水体具有重要意义.